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MAIN 


CERNIM I^  GERMAN  RELATIVES  AFTER 

i\EUTER  SUBSTANTIVIZED  ADJECTIVES, 

FRONOUNS,OR  ANTECEDENT  CLAUSE, 

AND  CONCERNING  THE  GERMAN 

INDEFINITE  RELATIVES  IN 

EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY 

PROSE 


A  DISSERTATION 

SUBMITTED  TO  THE  FACULTY 

OF  THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND  LITERATURE 

IN  CANDIDACY  FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF 

DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 

DEPAr-lUENT  OF  GERMANli-  LANGUAGES 
AND   LITERATURK 


BY 

JOSEPH  EMANUEL  ALEXANDER  ALEXIS 


Private  Edition,  Distributed  by 
THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  LIBRARIES 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 
1919 


EXCHANGE 


Jj 


©lyr  ImtJprHity  of  (Elyirago 

CONCERNING  I2£  GERMAN  RELATIVES  AFTER 

NEUTER  SUBSTANTIVIZED  ADJECTIVES, 

PRONOUNS,OR  ANTECEDENT  CLAUSE, 

AND  CONCERNING  THE  GERMAN 

INDEFINITE  RELATIVES  IN 

EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY 

PROSE 


A  DISSERTATION 

SUBMITTED  TO  THE  FACULTY 

OF  THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND  LITERATURE 

IN  CANDIDACY  FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF 

DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GERMANIC  LANGUAGES 
AND    LITERATUEIE 


BY 


JOSEPH  EMANUEL  ALEXANDER  ALEXIS 


Private  Edition,  Distributed  by 
THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  LIBRARIES 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 
1919 


0I1{(  CaUmgimt*  |lrau 

GEORGE  BA>rrA  PUBLISHING   COMPANY 
MENASHA.  WISCONSIN 


TO 

THE  MEMORY 

OF 

MY  FATHER 


405930 


co^^^ENTS 

PAGE 

vii 

Introduction 

vu 

I.  Aim  of  the  Dissertation 

II    Critical  Works  Used  for  Reference 

J  Vll 

III.  Material  Investigated 

IX 

IV.  Method  of  Procedure 

1 

Discussion ^ 

I.  Survey  of  Current  Doctrine 

The  Relative  after  Neuter  Substantivized  Adjectives 

The  Relative  after  Pronominal  Antecedents 

The  Relative  after  a  Sentence  or  Phrase 

6 
The  Indefinite  Relatives 

Q 

II.  Survey  of  Results  of  the  Investigation 

The  Relative  after  Neuter  Substantivized  Adjectives 

The  Relative  after  Pronominal  Antecedents 

The  Relative  after  a  Sentence  or  Phrase 

The  Indefinite  Relatives 

.      .  ..     12 

III.  Conclusions  of  the  Investigation 

The  Relative  after  Neuter  Substantivized  Adjectives 

The  Relative  after  Pronominal  Antecedents 

The  Relative  after  a  Sentence  or  Phrase 

The  Indefinite  Relatives 

19 

Examples ^^ 

Tables  of  Occurrences 


INTRODUCTION 

I.      AIM  OF  THE  DISSERTATION 

The  aim  of  this  dissertation  is  to  test  the  current  doctrines  in  regard 
to  the  use  of  relative  pronouns  after  neuter  substantivized  adjectives, 
demonstrative,  indefinite,  and  personal  pronouns,  and  after  a  sentence 
or  phrase  used  as  antecedent,  with  an  investigation  into  the  prevailing 
doctrine  regarding  the  indefinite  relatives.  A  further  aim  of  this  in- 
vestigation will  be  to  determine,  if  possible,  the  exact  usage  of  the  relative 
after  such  antecedents  as  have  been  mentioned  above.  The  period  cov- 
ered is  the  eighteenth  century,  though  two  earlier  authors,  Abraham  de 
Sta  Clara  and  Grimmelshausen,  are  added  to  throw  additional  light  on 
the  development,  if  any,  that  has  been  going  on.  The  earUest  editions 
available  have  been  made  use  of. 

II.      CRITICAL  WORKS  USED  FOR  REFERENCE 

Andresen,  K.  G., 

Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deutschen.    Neunte,  neu 

durchgesehene  Aufi.,  Leipzig  1903. 
CuRME,  George  O., 

A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language.     New  York  1905. 
Cutting,  Starr  Willard, 

Concerning  the  Modern  German  Relatives,  "das"  and  "was,"  in 

Clauses  Dependent  upon  Substantivized  Adjectives.  Chicago  1903. 
Erdmann,  Oskar, 

Grundziige  der  deutschen  Syntax  nach  ihrer  geschichtHchen  Ent- 

wicklung.     Vol.  I.     Stuttgart  1886. 
Sutterlin,  Ludwig, 

Deutsche  Sprache  der  Gegenwart.     Leipzig  1900. 
Wunderlich,  Hermann, 

Der   deutsche   Satzbau.     Zweite,    vollstandig   umgearbeitete   Aufl. 

ZweiterBand.     Stuttgart  1901. 

III.    material  investigated 

(P)  Abraham,  a  S.  Clara, 
Narren-Nest  in  drey  Theil. 
Ersther  Theil  3.  Aufl.     Wienn  1753.     144  pp. 
Zweyter  Theil  2.  Aufl.    Wienn  1751.     212  pp. 
Dritter  Theil  3.  Aufl.     Wienn  1753.     244  pp. 

Total  600  pp. 


BODMER,  JOHANN  JaCOB, 

Die  Discourse  der  Mahlern  (Zweyter  Theil).     Zlirch  1722.     200  pp. 

Critische  Betrachtungen  iiber  die  Poetischen  Gemiihlde  der  Dichter. 

Zurich  1741.     298  pp.  Total  498  pp. 

Breitinger,  Joiiaxx  Jacob, 

Dichtkunst.     Zurich  1740.        Total  502  pp. 
Engel,  J.  J., 

Der  Philosoph  fiir  die  Welt.     Erster  Theil.     Berlin  1801.     369  pp. 

Herr  Lorenz  Stark,  in  Deutsche  National-Litteratur  Historisch  krit- 

ische  Ausgabe.     Berlin  und  Stuttgart.     131  pp. 

Total  500  pp. 

FiCHTE,  JOHANN  GOTTLIEB, 

Grundlage  der  gesamten  Wissenschaftslehre.  Leipzig  1794.  221  pp. 
Die  Bestimmung  des  Menschen.     Berlin  1800.     339  pp. 

Total  560  pp. 
Gellert,  C.  F., 

Sammtliche  Schrif ten  (Funfter  Theil).     Leipzig  1784.     282  pp. 
Leben  der  Schwedischen  Grafinn  von  G  "  ".     Leipzig  1784.     206  pp. 

Total  488  pp. 
Goethe,  J.  W., 

Wilhelm  Meisters  Lehrjahre,  in  Goethes  Werke.  Vollstandige 
Ausgabe  letzter  Hand.  Bd.  17-18.  Stuttgart  und  Tubingen  1828. 
323  pp. 

Dichtung  und  Wahrheit,  in  Goethes  Werke.  Vollstandige  Ausgabe 
letzter  Hand.     Bd.  23-24.     Stuttgart  und  Tubingen  1828.     339  pp. 

Total  662  pp. 

GOTTSCHED,  JOHANN  CrISTOPH, 

Versuch  einer  Critischen  Dichtkunst  fiir  die  Deutschen.  Zweyte  und 
verbesserte  Aufl.     Leipzig  1737. 

Total  682  pp. 
Grimmelshausen,  H.  J.  Chr., 

Der  abenteuerliche  SimpHcissimus.  Abdruck  der  altesten  Original- 
ausgabe  1669.     Halle  a/S  1880. 

Total  286  pp. 
Hagedorn,  C.  L.  v., 

Betrachtungen  iiber  die  Mahlerey.  Erster  Theil.  Leipzig  1762. 

Total  508  pp. 
Haller,  Albrecht  von, 

Briefe  iiber  die  wichtigsten  Wahrheiten  der  Offenbarung.     Dritte 
verbesserte  Aufl.     Reuttlingen  1782.     200  pp. 
Alfred,  Konig  der  Angel-Sachsen.     ReuttUngen  1783.     218  pp. 
Fabius  und  Cato.     Reuttlingen  1783.     94  pp. 

Total  512  pp. 


Herder,  J.  G., 

Kritische  Walder  oder  Betrachtungen  die  Wissenschaft  und  Kunst 

des  Schonen  betreffend  1769.     Erstes  Wiildchen.     277  pp.     Zweites 

Wiildchen.     263  pp. 

Zerstreute  Blatter.    Zweite  Sammlung.     Gotha  1786.     Anmerkung- 

en  liber  das  griechische  Epigramm.     68  pp. 

Total  608  pp. 
Lessing,  G.  E., 

Laokoon,    in    Deutsche    National-Litteratur.    Historisch  kritische 

Ausgabe.     Berlin  und  Stuttgart.     172  pp. 

Miss  Sara  Sampson.     Reuttlingen  1780.     178  pp. 

Philotas.     Reuttlingen  1780.     50  pp. 

Emilia  Galotti.     Reuttlingen  1780.     151pp. 

Total  551  pp. 
Rabener,  Gottlieb  W., 

Briefe.    Leipzig  1772. 

Total  304  pp. 

WiELAND,  ChRISTOPH  MaRTIN, 

Geschichte  des  Agathon.     Frankfurt  und  Leipzig  1766.     Band  I. 
390  pp.     BandlL     115  pp. 

Total  505  pp. 

IV.      METHOD  OF  PROCEDURE 

After  selecting  the  above  mentioned  authors,  who  seem  representative 
of  German  style  in  the  period  under  investigation,  and  the  works  listed 
above,  the  usage  of  each  author  was  ascertained  by  noting  every  occur- 
rence of  the  relative  in  instances  called  for  by  the  subject  of  the  disserta- 
tion. The  genitive  case  of  the  relative  was  left  out  of  the  reckoning, 
since  practically  nothing  but  a  form  of  der  could  be  used  for  this  case. 
About  an  equal  amount  of  material  was  covered  in  the  case  of  each  author, 
as  the  number  of  pages  will  indicate.  It  appeared  that  the  results 
naturally  arranged  themselves  in  some  kind  of  order  and  that  there  was 
agreement  among  the  authors  along  certain  well  defined  lines.  A  glance 
at  the  tables  will  show  the  way  in  which  examples  grouped  themselves 
and  will  also  suggest  whatever  results  may  follow  of  the  investigation 
itself. 

My  heartfelt  thanks  are  due  Prof.  Starr  Willard  Cutting,  who  by  his 
kind  interest  and  valuable  suggestions  has  been  a  constant  source  of 
inspiration  in  my  work. 


DISCUSSION 

The  results  of  the  survey  of  current  doctrine  as  well  as  of  the  findings 
and  conclusions  of  the  investigation  are  tabulated  under  the  following 
rubrics: 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter  Substantivized  Adjectives. 

B.  The  Relative  after  Pronominal  Antecedents. 

1)  Demonstratives. 

a)  MascuUne  or  Feminine. 

b)  Neuter. 

2)  Indefinites. 

a)  Masculine  or  Feminine. 

b)  Neuter. 

3)  Personal  Pronouns. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sentence  or  Phrase. 

D.  The  Indefinite  Relatives. 

I.  Survey  of  Current  Doctrine 

The  function  of  the  pronoun  is,  as  its  name  implies,  to  represent  the 
noun  simply  by  noting  its  existence,  as  it  were.  It  is  therefore  a  very 
helpful  word  and  of  great  importance  in  the  domain  of  correct  speech. 
Where  there  are  several  forms  of  the  pronoun,  it  is  important  to  dis- 
criminate between  them. 

The  two  main  characteristics  of  the  relative  clause  in  German  are  the 
pronominal  forms  and  the  word  order.  In  the  latter  respect  the  personal 
pronoun  differs  from  the  relative.  A  personal  pronoun  is  closely  related 
to  the  relative,  but  the  word  order  of  the  sentence  introduced  by  each 
differs. 

In  an  earher  period  personal  pronouns  suffice  for  the  designation  of 
the  relative  clause  (See  Oskar  Erdmann,  Grundzuge  der  deutschen  Syn- 
tax, p.  49).  Im  Freisinger  Katechismus:  fater  unser,  du  pist  in  himilum. 
Similar  constructions  are  found  in  Middle  High  German  and  in  Luther. 

The  pronouns  wer  and  was  have  in  German  as  well  as  in  related  lan- 
guages indefinite  and  interrogative  meaning  (See  0.  Erdmann,  Grimd- 
ziige  der  deutschen  Syntax,  p.  51). 


2         GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

A.  The  Relative  after  X enter  Substantivized  Adjectives 

Hermann  Wunderlich  (Der  deutsche  Satzbau,  p.  301):  "Neuerdings 
ist  dem  adjektivischen  welcher  in  dem  Neutrum  des  substantivischen 
Indefinitums  ein  Konkurrent  entstanden.  Wahrend  sich  friiher  der 
Gebrauch  von  was  auf  \'erbindungen  wie  alles  was  beschrankte,  ist  schon 
Goethe  geneigt,  den  Bereich  der  Verwendung  auszudehnen:  bei  dem 
hohen  Lied,  als  dem  Zartesten  und  Unnachahmlichsten,  was  uns  von 
Ausdruck  leidenschaftlicher,  anmuthiger  Liebe  zugekommen.  " 

K.  G.  Andresen  (Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deut- 
schen,  p.  310) :  "  Weit  um  sich  gegriffen  hat  im  heutigen  Sprachgebrauche 
zunachst  die  Vermischung  der  Pron.  welches  und  was,  deren  genaueste 
Sonderung  ein  unabweisbares  Bediirfnis  der  Sprache  ist.  Freihch  hat 
sich  'was'  als  Relativ  iiberhaupt  eigenthch  unbefugt  eingedrangt,  im 
Gegensatz  zu  Sver',  das  sich  niemals  auf  einen  subst.  Begriff  beziehen 
darf,  da  es  selber  nur  substantivisch  gebraucht  werden  kann.  Es  heisst: 
jeder,  der  (nicht  wer),  aber:  alles,  was  (kaum  noch  das,  wie  friiher); 
dies  Missverhaltnis  lasst  sich  nicht  mehr  beseitigen,  gilt  vielmehr  jetzt 
als  Regel. " 

And  on  page  311  Andresen  continues:  "Wahrend  'was'  auf  die  un- 
bestimmten  substantivischen  Pronomina  und  Zahlworter  bezogen  wird, 
sowie  auf  die  subst.  Adj.  nach  alien  drei  Komparationsstufen,  z.B.  'Er 
preiset  das  Hochste,  das  Beste,  was  das  Herz  sich  wiinscht,  was  der  Sinn 
begehrt'  (Schiller),  ist  diese  Beziehung  dem personlichen  'wer'  untersagt. " 

George  0.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  205): 
"In  the  nom.  and  ace.  relation  was  is  usually  employed  under  the  fol- 
lowing circumstances:  If  the  antecedent  is  a  word  of  general  or  indefinite 
meaning,  or  expresses  a  collective  idea,  such  as  das,  einiges,  eins,  etwas 
(or  was),  solches,  ein  anderes,  nichts,  alles,  mehreres,  manches,  vieles,  aller- 
hand,  allerlei,  das  biszclien,  wenig,  &c.,  a  neuter  abstract  noun  or  adjective- 
substantive  (das  Schonc  the  beautiful,  &c.,  especially  a  superlative,  das 
Beste),  also  a  neut.  noun  denoting  a  material  or  a  collective  idea,  provided 
the  reference  is  to  an  indefinite  mass  or  amount. " 

On  page  206  of  the  same  work  Curme  states:  "  Was  often  points  to  a 
definite  person  or  thing,  the  speaker  at  first  intentionally  making  the 
reference  indefinite  by  the  use  of  was,  reserving  the  definite  information 
for  the  last  part  of  the  statement:  Das  erste,  was  ihnen  hier  begegnete, 
war  die  Krligersfrau  (Fontane's  Vor  dem  Sturme). " 

On  page  211  Curme  continues:  "Was  can  have  an  antecedent,  if 
that  antecedent  be  a  word  expressing  an  indef.  general  idea,  such  as  an 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE  3 

indef.  pronoun,  a  neut.  pronoun,  a  neut.  adjective  used  substantively,  or 
a  thought  contained  in  a  whole  sentence." 

The  results  arrived  at  by  Starr  Willard  Cutting  (Concerning  the 
Modern  German  Relatives,  "das"  and  "was,"  in  Clauses  Dependent 
upon  Substantivized  Adjectives)  are  summarized  as  follows: 

1.  The  generally  accepted  view  of  grammarians  like  Erdmann,  Paul, 
and  Sanders,  as  to  the  preponderance  of  was  over  das  after  substantivized 
adjectives  in  nineteenth-century  German  needs  radical  revision  in  view 
of  the  facts. 

2.  The  striking  ratio  of  almost  4  to  1  in  favor  of  das  (welches)  after 
substantivized  adjectives  of  the  positive-comparative  category  proves 
that  here  the  generalized  meaning  of  the  adjective  antecedent  defeats 
the  author's  particularizing  intention  far  less  frequently  than  in  the 
adjective  group  as  a  whole.  Attention  to  the  relation  of  individual  writ- 
ers to  these  statistics  suggests  a  correspondence  of  cause  and  effect  be- 
tween the  critical,  analytic  habit  of  mind  and  a  strong  preference  for  the 
relative  das  (welches). 

3.  The  ratio  of  was  to  das  after  the  superlative  category  as  antece- 
dent is  convincing,  and  would  probably  remain  substantially  the  same 
were  the  investigation  extended  indefinitely  to  other  stylists  of  repute. 
In  view  of  the  facts  just  expressed,  it  appears  to  register  the  chief  gain 
made  by  was  over  das,  as  relative  after  adjective  antecedents.  The 
close  correspondence  between  the  vagueness  of  the  relative  was  and  the 
completeness  of  the  generalization,  implied  by  the  superlative  category, 
without  doubt  facihtated  the  shift.  It  seems,  in  fact,  probable  that  the 
latter  began,  not  with  the  adjective  antecedent  as  a  whole,  but  with  the 
superlative  category,  and  that  by  analogy  it  spread  then  gradually  to 
the  positive-comparative  category.  The  strength  of  the  analogical 
influence  and  the  survival  of  the  earlier  tendency  to  use  was  and  das 
indiscriminately  are  attested  by  thirty-one  wcr^-clauses,  whose  antece- 
dents are  so  individualized  as  to  suggest  the  appropriateness  of  the  deter- 
minative das. 

4.  Seven  examples  of  das  (welches),  referring  to  clearly  generalized 
antecedents,  remind  us,  in  spite  of  their  numerical  insignificance,  of  the 
older  indiscriminate  use  of  this  relative  after  all  degrees  of  comparison. 

5.  The  gain  made  since  the  18th  century  by  was  has  been  effected,  not 
by  its  assuming  a  determinative  meaning,  once  exclusively  characteristic 
of  the  demonstrative  das,  but  by  its  increasing  use  as  indeterminate  rela- 
tive after  alles,  einzig,  and  all  degrees  of  comparison  (chiefly  the  superla- 


4  GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

tive)  of  the  substantivized  adjective,  whenever  the  vaj^ueness  inherent 
in  these  elements  is  not  overborne  by  the  particularizing  intention  of 
the  author,  or  whenever  tlie  writer's  intentional  vagueness  demands  such 
expression.  

B.  The  Relative  after  Pronominal  Antecedents 

1)  Demonstratives  and  2)  Indefinites 

a)  Masculine  or  Feminine 

K.  G.  Andresen   (Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deut- 

schen,    pp.    309-310):  "Wir   besitzen    zwci   gleichbedcutende   Relativ- 

pronomina  'der'  und  'welcher',  die  schon  seit  Jahrhunderten  nebeneinan- 

der  verwendet  werden.    Trotzdem  kann  es  nicht  zweifelhaft  sein,  dass 

in  der  Umgangssprache  fast  nur  'der'  gebraucht  wird.     Wenn  man  aber 

'welcher'  hort,  so  beruht  dies  auf  dem  Einfluss  der  geschricbenen  Sprache. 

Da  es  ein  fester  Grundsatz  ist,  dass  wir  uns  moglichst  von  dem  Einfluss 

des  papiernen  Deutsch  frei  machen  miissen,  so  ist  entschieden  der  Ge- 

brauch  von  'der,  die,  das'  statt  'welcher,  welche,  welches'  vorzuziehen, 

Oskar  Erdmann  (Grundziige  der  deutschen  Syntax  nach  ihrer  ge- 
schichtlichen  Entwicklung,  p.  54):  "'welcher  bezieht  sich  nur  auf  vor- 
hergehendes  und  individuell  gedachtes  Pronomen  odcr  Substantiv:  der 
{derjenige,  einer,  ein  Mann,  der  Mann,  jeder  Mann — aber  nicht  leicht 
h\os>sesjeder),  welcher.  In  alien  diesen  Fallen  kann  aber  auch  der  stchn; 
.  .  .  Im  vorangestellten,  auf  ein  individuelles  Pronomen  odcr  Substan- 
tiv beziiglichen  Kelativsatze  kann  nur  der  stchn:  Der  gcstcrn  hier  war — 
wo  blieber?" 

K.  G.  Andresen  (Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deutschen, 
p.  311):  "Wiihrend  'was'  auf  die  unbestimmten  substantivischen  Pro- 
nomina  und  Zahlworter  l)ezogcn  wird,  sowie  auf  die  subst.  Adj.,  ist  diese 
Beziehung  dem  personlichen  'wer!  untersagt.  Verstosse  dagegen  sind 
jedoch  nicht  selten." 

b)  Neuter 

George  O.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  211): 
*'Was  can  have  an  antecedent,  if  that  antecedent  be  a  word  expressing 
an  indef.  general  idea,  such  as  an  indef.  Pronoun,  a  neut.  adjective  used 
substantively,  or  a  thought  contained  in  a  whole  sentence,  ..." 

Oskar  Erdmann  (Grundziige  der  deutschen  SvTitax  nach  ihrer  ge- 
schichtHchen  Entwicklung,  p.  53):  "was  bezieht  sich  nur  auf  alleinste- 
hendes  Neutrum  eines  Pronomens  oder  eines  Adjectiv'ums,  .  .  .  Auch 
der  gesamte  Inhalt  eines  Satzes  kann  durch  nachfolgendes  was  zusam- 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE  5 

mengefasst  werden.  Fiir  alle  diese  Falle  ist  relatives  das,  dessen  jetzt 
gewohnlich  ausgeschlossen,  ebenso  welches. 

George  0.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  206): 
"Was  often  points  to  a  definite  person  or  thing,  the  speaker  at  first  in- 
tentionally making  the  reference  indefinite  by  the  use  of  was,  reserving 
the  definite  information  for  the  last  part  of  the  statement:  Das  erste,  was 
ihnen  hier  begegnete,  war  die  Kriigersfrau  (Fontane's  Vor  dem  Sturme). " 

"The  use  of  was  as  described  above  seems  to  be  the  outcome  of  a  long 
process  of  differentiation.  Earlier  in  the  period  das  and  welches  were 
also  used  here.  This  older  usage  is  still,  especially  in  elevated  diction, 
not  infrequently  found,  as  the  process  of  differentiation  is  not  yet  com- 
pleted: Vieles,  das  diesem  Volke  gut  hiess  (Nietsche's  Zarathustra).  It 
is  possible  that  there  is  often  here  an  intentional  use  of  das  or  welches 
by  way  of  differentiation,  to  refer  to  something  definite,  definite  at  least 
to  the  speaker:  ..." 

3)  Personal  Pronouns 

Ludwig  Siitterlin  (Deutsche  Sprache  der  Gegenwart,  p.  105):  "die 
Schriftsteller  schwanken  nicht  nur  beziiglich  der  Person  des  zugehorigen 
Zeitworts,  sondern  audi  darin,  ob  sie  in  diesen  Fallen  noch  das  gewohn- 
liche  personliche  Furwort  hinzusetzen  soUen  oder  nicht. " 

George  O.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  202) : 
"Der  is  also  usually  employed  when  the  relative  refers  to  an  interrogative 
or  personal  pronoun,  ..." 

Curme  (p.  203):  "The  relative  welcher  is  sometimes  used  instead 
of  der,  if  the  personal  pronoun  is  not  repeated  after  the  relative. " 

Curme  (p.  204):  "Welcher  is  most  common  after  a  personal  pronoun 
of  the  third  person. " 

Curme  (pp.  202-3):  "If  a  personal  pronoun  repeating  a  personal 
pronoun  of  the  first  or  second  person  already  mentioned  stands  after  the 
relative,  which  is  very  commonly  the  case  when  the  relative  is  the  subject 
of  the  verb,  der  is  usually  employed,  and  the  verb  must  agree  with  the 
antecedent  in  person:  unser  Vater,  der  du  bist  im  Himmel;  ..." 

Hermann  Wunderlich  (Der  deutsche  Satzbau,  p.  286):  "Die  altesten 
Denkmaler  lassen  den  Nebensatz  eng  an  das  Pronomen  der  ersten  oder 
zweiten  Person  sich  anschmiegen.  Wo  in  der  Anrede  Nomina  vorliegen, 
oder  wo  das  Pronomen  fernab  steht,  wird  es  als  Bindemittel  zwischen 
Haupt-  und  Nebensatz  wiederholt  oder  eingefiigt: " 

George  O.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  203): 
"  Sometimes  the  personal  pronoun  after  the  relative  is  dropped,  the  verb. 


6         GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

however,  agreeing  in  the  same  manner  with  the  antecedent  in  person: 
.  .  .  Sometimes  the  personal  pronoun  is  dropped  and  the  verb  goes  over 
into  the  third  person: " 

Hermann  WunderHch,  (Der  deutsche  Satzbau,  p.  293):  "AUge- 
meine  Verbreitung  gewinnt  dieser  Einschub  des  Relativpronomens 
jedoch  erst  in  den  Anfangen  der  friihneuhochdeutschen  Periode,  wo  wir 
ihn  namenthch  in  der  Bibelubersetzung  verfolgen  konnen,  ebenso  in 
Sonderijbersetzungen  einzelner  Teile  wie  z.B.  der  Psalmen. " 

WunderHch  (pp.  293-4):  "Der  Tatianiibersetzer,  Isidor,  der  Weis- 
senburger  Katechismus,  die  Hymnen,  die  Trebnitzer  Psalmen,  Wyle 
fiigen  die  Verbalform  unbedenkHch  in  der  ersten  oder  zweiten  Person  an 
das  Relativpronomen  an,  die  spatere  gedruckte  Bibel,  Wyle,  Steinhowel, 
Luther  wiederholen  da,  wo  sie  an  der  ersten  oder  zweiten  Person  festhal- 
ten,  das  Pronomen  oder  sie  weichen,  wie  Hutten,  in  die  dritte  Person  aus. " 

''In  der  neueren  Sprache  hat  sich  die  Nachstellung  des  Personal- 
pronomens  mit  der  Flexion  der  ersten  oder  zweiten  Person  durchgesetzt; 
vgl. :  Bodmer  tadelt  die  WortJUgung:  Der  du  von  Eivigkeit  bist  und  will: 
du  der  von  Eivigkeit  ist — ohne  Zweifel  ist  dies  Grammatischer,  jenes  aher 
diirch  den  langen  Gebrauch  und  durch  die  Aehnlichkeit  fremder  Sprachen, 
da  die  invite  Person  gleichsam  Uberwindcnd  ist,  gerechlfertigt,  Herder  4,30^. 
Die  Ueberfiihrung  in  die  dritte  Person  taucht  aber  auch  heute  immer 
wieder  auf:" 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sentence  or  Phrase 
K.  G.  Andresen  (Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deut- 
schen,  pp.  310-11):  "man  findet  sehr  haufig  welches  fiir  was  in  der  Be- 
ziehung  auf  einen  ganzen  vorhergehenden  Satz  gebraucht.  .  .  .  Bis- 
weilen  gibt  beides  einen  grammatisch  richtigen,  aber  immer  einen  ver- 
schiedenen  Sinn. " 

Ludwig  Sutterlin  (Deutsche  Sprache  der  Gegenwart,  p.  347):  "Bei- 
fiigesatze,  die  sich  an  einen  ganzen  Satz  anschliessen,  werden  heute  nur 
noch  mit  was,  nicht  mehr  mit  welches  eingeleitet,  ..." 

George  O.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  207): 
"In  the  classics  of  the  eighteenth  century  we  still  find  welches  used  here 
as  well  as  was,  and  it  even  occurs  sometimes  in  the  language  of  today. 
For  the  sake  of  emphasis  or  a  contrast  both  was  and  welches  may  be  used 
here  in  the  same  sentence: " 

D.  The  Indefinite  Relatives 
Ludwig  Sutterlin  (Deutsche  Sprache  der  Gegenwart,  p.  105):  "in 
dem  Satze  Rette  sich,  wer  kann  liegt  ein  beztigliches  Fiirwort  vor,  nam- 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE  7 

lich  wer,  dem  geschlechtloses  was  entspricht  in  einer  Fligung  wie  Sage, 
was  du  willst.  Aber  hier  ist  die  Verkniipfung  der  beiden  Teile  des  Satz- 
gefuges  noch  enger.  Denn  hier  leitet  das  Fiirwort  nicht  blosz  den  zwei- 
ten  Satz  ein,  sondern  es  schlieszt  sozusagen  auch  noch  den  ersten,  bildet 
Bomit  ein  BindegHed  zwischen  beiden,  entsprechend  der  Gruppe  der- 
jenige  welcher. 

K.  G.  Andresen  (Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deut- 
schen,  pp.  311-12):  '"Die  Verbindung  'jeder,  wer'  kommt  auch  bei 
Goethe,  Jean  Paul  und  andern  vor,  darf  aber  nicht  fiir  sprachgemass 
gelten;  mit  demselben  Rechte  konnte  man  auf  ahnliche  Pronomina, 
z.B.  'keiner'  oder  'mancher',  jenes  'wer'  beziehen  wollen.  Ja,  strenge 
genommen,  muss  auch  'der,  wer'  als  fehlerhaft  angesehen  werden; " 

Andresen  (pp.  312-13):  ''Durch  'wer'  (mhd.  swer)  wird  eine  unbe- 
stimmte  allgemein  geltende  Person  bezeichnet,  durch  'der'  eine  bestimmte. 
Man  findet  nun  haufig  nicht  sowohl  'der'  anstatt  'wer'  gesetzt,  als 
vielmehr  das  umgekehrte  Verbal  tnis. " 

George  O.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  204): 
"In  subject  and  object  clauses  where  the  relative  is  equal  to  der{jenige) 
we/c/zer,  we  usually  find  rfer;  ..." 

Curme  (p.  204):  "In  early  N.  H.  G.  welcher  was  used  in  subject 
clauses  with  general  or  indefinite  force  just  as  wer  is  now  employed :  .  ,  . 
Der  was  also  much  used  in  subject  clauses,  but  with  a  different  shade  of 
meaning,  namely,  with  individualizing  force.  Later  wer  replaced  wel- 
cher here,  and  welcher  assumed  the  force  of  der  and  became  interchange- 
able with  it. " 

"Der  is  usually  employed  if  the  clause  is  a  predicate  clause:  Du  bist 
nicht,  der  du  scheinst.  Wer  is  used  if  the  relative  has  a  general  or  in- 
definite meaning:     ..." 

Curme  (p.  211):  "Wer  is  always  used  in  an  indefinite  sense  and  may 
thus  refer  to  one  or  more,  but  never  to  a  definite  person,  in  which  case 
der  or  der  welcher  must  be  used : " 

Curme  (p.  212):  "The  adverbs  immer,  aiich,  or  combined  auch  im- 
mer,  also  auch  nur,  nur  immer  standing  after  wer  and  was,  or  several  words 
removed,  give  generalizing  force  to  the  relative,  and  are  much  hke  our 
ever,  soever  in  whoever,  whatever,  &c. " 

"The  demon,  adverb  (/a,  which  often,  especially  in  popular  language 
follows  the  relative,  has  in  general  the  force  of  a  strengthening  word, 
which  often,  however,  can  scarcely  be  translated: " 


8         GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

"Note.  The  da  strengthens  the  already  general  meaning  of  wer  and 
was,  and  hence  here  has  generalizing  force.  After  dcr  and  welclier  (here 
not  so  frequently  used  as  der),  da  has  particularizing  force,  calling  atten- 
tion to  the  particular  persons  or  things,  or  the  particular  class  of  persons 
or  things  in  question. " 

Curme  (p.  212):  "The  der  in  Wer  das  sagt,  der  liigt  is  not  an  antece- 
dent of  wer,  but  only  the  repetition  of  the  subject  wer,  and  not  being  nec- 
essary can  be  dropped. " 

II.  Survey  of  Results  of  the  Investigation 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter  Substantivized  Adjectives 

After  substantivized  adjectives  it  becomes  evident  that  in  the  posi- 
tive-comparative category  was  is  used  much  less  than  das  {welches). 
In  every  author  studied  the  preponderance  is  in  favor  of  the  latter  to  a 
marked  degree.  In  the  superlative  category,  on  the  other  hand,  was 
is  in  the  large  majority  of  cases  the  pronoun  used. 

In  Bodmer  we  found  two  examples  of  was  after  pos.  comp.,  while 
12  </a5-clauses  and  14  welches-claMsts  occurred. 

In  Breitinger  there  were  nine  rfo^-clauses  and  19  welches-cXaxiSQs  and 
no  was-c\dMSQ  whatsoever. 

Engel  has  two  examples  of  was,  while  he  uses  ten  das-  and  one  welches- 
clause. 

Fichte  has,  to  be  sure,  five  wa^-clauses  over  against  13  das-  and  11 
welches-c\a.uses,  but  of  the  five  wa^-clauses,  one  can  be  explained  by  the 
influence  of  alles  and  a  second  by  the  influence  of  einzig  preceding  the 
substantivized  adjective. 

Gellert  gives  no  example  of  a  Tt'^^-clause,  while  he  has  12  das-  and 
one  welches-Q\?iVise. 

In  Goethe  we  found  four  zt'tz^-clauses  and  seven  (/a^-clauses. 

Gottsched  offered  no  example  of  was-  but  gave  one  of  das-,  four  of 
welches-  and  twelve  of  ^(^-clauses. 

Hagedorn  gave  six  examples  of  das-,  one  of  welches-,  and  none  of  was- 
clauses. 

Haller  furnished  two  (/(7^-clauses. 

Herder  gave  four  examples  of  was-,  ten  of  das-,  and  two  of  welches- 
clauses.  One  wc5-clause  is  probably  due  to  the  influence  of  a  preceding 
alles. 

Lessing  had  three  examples  of  das-,  five  of  welches-,  none  of  2£'(75-clauses. 

Rabener  employed  two  was-,  two  das-,  and  one  welches-c\a.use.  In 
both  cases  the  was  was  due  to  alles  preceding  the  adjective. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE        9 

Wieland  furnished  but  one  example  of  a  i£^a5-clause  (due  to  preceding 
alles),  two  das-,  and  nine  we/c//^^-clauses. 

Summarizing,  we  find  that  the  above  authors  use  was  21  times,  das 
89,  and  welches  68,  which  gives  us  a  ratio  of  21  to  157  in  favor  of  das(wel- 
ches). 

It  will  therefore  appear  from  the  investigation  made  that  after  posi- 
tive-comparative substantivized  adjectives  das  (or  welches)  is  the  pro- 
noun employed,  and  that  when  was  is  used,  this  is  often  due  to  the  in- 
fluence of  a  preceding  word  which,  when  followed  directly  by  a  relative, 
ordinarily  requires  ivas. 

Turning  to  the  superlative  category,  we  find  the  trend  unmistakably 
in  the  direction  of  was  (as  against  das  or  welches). 

Bodmer     used  one      was-  and  no      (/a^-clause. 


Engel 

four 

one 

Fichte 

two 

no 

GeUert 

two 

no 

Goethe 

nine 

no 

Gottsched 

four 

no 

Hagedorn 

two 

no 

Herder 

one 

no 

Lessing 

seven 

one 

Rabener 

no 

one 

Wieland 

six 

four 

Summarizing,  we  have  a  ratio  for  all  the  authors  of  38  to  7  in  favor 
of  was}  With  the  exception  of  Rabener,  all  who  had  examples  of  the 
superlative  category  were  decidedly  in  favor  of  the  relative  was  after 
the  superlative  of  the  neuter  substantivized  adjective. 

B.  The  Relative  after  Pronominal  Antecedents 
1)  Demonstratives 
After  demonstratives  (masculine  or  feminine)  we  find  the  following 
to  be  true: 

All  authors  show  a  decided  preference  for  der,  der  over  against  der, 
welcher.  Six  authors^  furnished  a  number  of  instances  of  der,  so.  Wie- 
land alone  showed  a  close  proportion,  six  to  five  in  favor  of  der,  der.  The 
entire  list  of  authors  gives  der,  der  223  and  der,  welcher  38,  about  six  to  one. 

*  Wieland,  to  be  sure,  does  not  show  so  strong  a  preference  for  was  though  he 
does  favor  it  six  to  four. 

'Abraham,  Bodmer,  Gellert,  Gottsched,  Grimmelshausen,  and  Herder. 


10  GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

With  derjenige,  der  and  derjenige,  welcher  the  ratio  runs  348  to  116  in 
favor  of  der,  exactly  three  to  one.  Abraham  alone  breaks  the  rule,  29 
to  13,  in  favor  of  derjenige,  welcher,  which  might  be  expected  of  one  who 
wrote  in  an  earlier  period. 

There  were  but  few  instances  of  derselbe,  five  of  derselbe,  welcher  and 
three  of  derselbe,  der,  Abraham  contributing  four  and  one  respectively, 
Engel  giving  an  example  of  welcher,  while  Fichte  and  Grimmelshausen 
each  have  an  example  of  der. 

Dieser,  der  seems  firmly  intrenched,  14  examples  occurring,  while 
there  are  no  examples  of  dieser,  welcher. 

Aiter  jefier  Abraham  again  prefers  welcher  (eight  to  five),  while  the 
others  are  on  the  side  of  der. 

Summarizing,  after  mascuhne  or  feminine  demonstratives  der  pre- 
ponderates over  welcher  in  a  ratio  of  598  to  168. 

After  neuter  demonstratives  was  has  taken  the  field  much  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  das  (welches) : 

Thus,  das,  was  occurs  541  times  to  four  of  das,  das,  two  of  das, 
welches,  and  eight  of  das,  so. 

Dasjenige,  was  similarly  prevails,  248  times  as  against  16  occurrences 
of  dasjenige,  welches,  15  of  dasjenige,  das,  and  six  of  dasjenige,  so. 

After  dasselbe,  was  is  the  relative  used. 

After  dieses,  was  occurs  ten  times  and  das  two  times. 

Jenes,  was  occurs  once ;  see  under  Engel. 

Summarizing,  after  neuter  demonstratives  was  holds  the  field  with 
807  examples  to  21  of  das  and  18  of  welches. 

2)  Indefinites 
a)  Masculine  or  Feminine 
After  alle,  die  occurs  2)2)  times  and  welche  but  once. 
After  anderer,  der  is  found  53  times  and  welcher  ten  (so  five).     Abra- 
ham and  Hagedorn  show  a  preference  for  welcher. 
Dergleichen,  die  occurs  twice. 

Einer,  der  occurs  58  times,  einer,  welcher  but  six,  eifier,  so  twice. 
After  einige,  die  occurs  seven  times  and  welche  twice. 
Einzelner,  der  is  found  twice. 

Einziger,  der  occurs  13  times;  einziger,  welcher  twice. 
Etliche,  die  is  used  seven  times;  etliche,  welche  three;  etliche,  so  one. 
Jeder,  der  is  employed  37  i\mts;  jeder,  welcher  but  twice. 
Jedermann,  der  occurs  five  times. 
Jemand,  der  is  used  18  times. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE  11 

Keiner,  der  is  found  sixteen  times. 
Mancher,  der  occurs  seven  times. 

There  is  one  example  of  mehr,  die  and  one  of  mehr,  welche. 
Mehrere,  welche  occurs  once. 
One  example  of  die  Meisten,  die  is  found. 
Niemand,  der  is  used  28  times. 
Solcher,  der  is  found  14  \\mes]  solcher,  welcher  twice. 
There  are  three  examples  of  ubrige,  die. 
Verschiedene,  die  is  used  once. 
After  viele,  die  is  used  1 1  times,  welche  five,  so  once. 
After  wenige,  die  occurs  nine  times,  welche  twice,  so  once. 
Summarizing,  der  preponderates  over  welcher  after  mascuHne  or 
feminine  indefinites  according  to  the  ratio  of  326  to  37. 

b)  Neuter 

After  alles,  was  occurs  421  times,  welches  twice,  das  three  times,  so 
once. 

After  anders,  was  occurs  nine  times,  welches  once,  das  six,  so  once. 

Das  einige,  das  is  found  once. 

After  eins,  was  occurs  three  times,  das  five. 

After  einzig,  was  occurs  17  times,  das  twice,  welches  once,  so  once. 

After  es,  was  occurs  40  times,  das  ten. 

After  etwas,  was  occurs  23  times,  welches  15,  das  71,  so  five. 

After  ganz,  das  is  used  ten  times,  welches  once. 

Das  Gleiche,  was  occurs  once. 

Jedes,  was  is  found  once. 

Mancherley,  das  is  found  once. 

After  manches,  was  is  used  three  times,  das  once,  so  once. 

After  mehr,  was  is  used  once,  and  das  once. 

After  mehrere,  welches  is  used  once. 

Das  Meisie,  was  occurs  once. 

After  nichts,  was  occurs  56  times,  das  26,  welches  twice. 

Solches,  das  is  employed  twice. 

Das  ubrige,  was  is  found  nine  times. 

After  vieles,  was  is  used  sLx  times,  das  seven,  welches  twice,  and  so 
once. 

After  das  wenige,  was  occurs  eight  times  and  das  once. 

After  das  wenigste,  das  occurs  twice  and  was  twice. 

Summarizing,  we  find  that  was  preponderates  over  das  {welches)  at 
the  ratio  of  601  to  176  (for  das)  and  25  (for  welches). 


12        GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

3.  Personal  Pronouns 
There  are  128  relative  clauses  emj^loying  der  and  nine  using  welcher 
when  referring  to  a  personal  pronoun  as  antecedent. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sentence  or  Phrase 

Was  is  used  42  times,  welches  293,  das  three,  so  ten. 

There  are  106  examples  of  the  use  of  was  in  such  expressions  as  was 
betrift,  was  anbelangt,  etc.  Possibly  this  was  is  an  abbre\aation  of  alles, 
was  and  should  be  referred  to  the  alles,  was  rubric  under  neuter  indefinites. 

D.  The  Indefinite  Relatives 
Der  is  used  72  times,  der  da  four;  wer  137,  wer  atich  once,  wer  da  three 
times;  wer,  der  203;  wer,  derselbe  three;  wer,  er  once;  welcher  eight  times. 

III.  Conclusions  of  the  Investigation 

A,  The  Relative  after  Neuter  Substantivized  Adjectives 

Hermann  WunderHch  (Der  deutsche  Satzbau,  p.  301)  speaks  of 
Goethe  extending  the  use  of  was,  but,  as  is  apparent  from  a  glance  at  the 
material  here  assembled  from  various  authors  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
the  use  of  was  had  become  extensive  even  before  Goethe's  time.  Not 
only  that,  but  it  had  appropriated  unto  itself  an  entire  field,  that  of  the 
superlative  category.  After  the  neuter  demonstrati\-es  the  extensive 
use  of  was  is  still  more  striking.  We  can  hardly  conceive  of  a  period  in 
literary  history  in  which  a  word  could  gain  more  complete  acceptance 
than  has  was  for  the  eighteenth  century  after  the  neuter  substantivized 
adjective  in  the  superlative  and  after  neuter  demonstratives. 

The  vitality  of  was  is  attested  by  the  assertion  of  K.  G.  Andresen 
(Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deutschen,  p.  310),  that  was 
forced  its  way  into  use  without  any  inherent  right.  While  he  calls  atten- 
tion to  the  need  of  a  sharp  differentiation  between  welches  and  was, 
Andresen  states  that  was  refers  to  indefinite  pronouns  as  well  as  to  sub- 
stantive adjectives  in  all  degrees  of  comparison.  But  the  results  of  our 
investigation  show  that  Andresen  is  in  error,  at  least  for  the  eighteenth 
century.  It  is  true  that  was  is  the  relative  employed  after  a  neuter 
substantivized  adjective  in  the  superlative,  but,  as  the  statistics  show, 
das  and  welches  are  the  pronouns  employed  in  the  case  of  neuter  sub- 
stantivized adjectives  in  the  positive-comparative.  S.  W.  Cutting's 
statement  of  the  case  (see  pp.  3-4  of  this  investigation)  is  thoroughly 
borne  out  by  the  results  of  our  search.     The  ratio  of  7V^  to  1  in  favor  of 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE  13 

das  {welches)  after  neuter  substantivized  adjectives  in  the  positive  cate- 
gory is  conclusive,  as  is  also  the  ratio  of  almost  5  to  1  in  favor  of  was  after 
neuter  substantivized  adjectives  of  the  superlative  category. 

The  statement  of  Geo.  O.  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Lan- 
guage p.  205)  that  was  is  employed  after  a  neuter  abstract  noun  or  adjec- 
tive substantive  needs  to  be  modified  to  accord  with  the  general  rule 
that  was  is  used  after  neuter  substantivized  adjectives  of  the  superlative 
category,  for,  as  Starr  W.  Cutting  showed,  this  rule  holds  for  nineteenth 
century  also,  not  only  for  the  eighteenth  century,  to  which  the  present 
investigation  is  limited.  Curme's  statement  is  too  sweeping.  Not  only 
does  it  imply  that  was  is  and  by  right  should  be  the  proper  relative  after 
the  positive  as  well  as  the  superlative  of  the  neuter  substantivized  adjec- 
tive, but  it  assumes  that  all  neuter  indefinites  are  antecedents  of  such  a 
specific  type  as  to  demand  the  relative  was.  We  have  found,  however, 
for  the  eighteenth  century  that  ehvas,  das  Game,  and  viel  are,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  followed  by  das  (welches)  in  preference  to  was. 

Curme's  assertion  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  206) 
that  was  often  points  to  a  definite  person  or  thing,  the  speaker  at  first 
making  the  reference  indefinite  by  the  use  of  was,  referring  the  definite 
information  for  the  last  part  of  the  statement,  needs  to  be  scrutinized 
closely.  He  gives  as  an  example,  "  Das  erste,  was  ihnen  hier  begegnete, 
war  die  Kriigersfrau. "  But  surely  here  the  antecedent  of  was  is  das 
erste  and  not  die  Kriigersfrau.  We  have  here  a  clear  case  of  the  use  of 
was  in  the  superlative  category,  and  we  note  perfect  agreement  with  the 
findings  of  our  investigation. 


B.  The  Relative  after  Pronominal  Antecedents 
1.  Demonstratives 
a)  Masculine  or  Feminine 

We  have  two  relatives  of  the  same  meaning,  says  Andresen  (Sprach- 
gebrauch  and  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deutschen,  pp.  309-10),  der  and  wel- 
cher,  which  have  been  used  side  by  side  for  centuries.  Yet,  he  adds, 
it  can  not  be  doubted  that  in  the  language  of  every  day  life  der  is  almost 
exclusively  used.  If  welcher  is  used,  it  depends  on  the  influence  of  the 
written  language.  And  so  Andresen  suggests  that,  as  we  should  keep 
as  free  as  possible  from  the  influence  of  the  written  German,  the  use  of 
der,  die,  das  is  preferable  to  welcher,  welche,  welches. 

From  the  words  of  Andresen  we  might  be  led  to  infer  that  welcher 


14  GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

is  more  common  in  the  written  language  than  it  really  is.  He  warns  us 
not  to  be  influenced  by  the  written  language.  The  danger  to  which  he 
refers  is,  however,  by  no  means  overwhelming.  Even  the  prose  of 
the  eighteenth  century  shows  that  der  has  a  big  lead  over  ivelcher.  Of 
the  authors  studied  only  Abraham,  and  he  was  a  seventeenth  century 
writer,  preferred  welcher.  We  may  safely  conclude,  therefore,  that  as 
far  as  the  relative  after  the  masculine  or  feminine  demonstratives  is 
concerned,  der  had  already  gained  the  ascendency. 

Neuter 

One  would  expect  that  after  the  neuter  demonstratives,  which  ap- 
parently denote  something  very  specific,  das  and  ivelches  would  be  the 
preferred  relatives,  and  yet  we  are  confronted  with  541  instances  of  das, 
was  with  only  four  of  das,  das  and  two  of  das,  welches,  a  ratio  of  90  to  1. 
The  ratio  is  not  quite  so  striking  after  dasjenige,  viz.,  248  was  to  15  das 
and  16  welches,  exactly  8  to  1,  but  here  too  the  ratio  in  favor  of  was 
is  high.  But  why  the  difference  in  the  case  of  dasjenige  and  of  das  used 
as  antecedents?  May  it  be  due  to  a  more  particularizing  tendency  in 
dasjenige  which  occasionally  makes  the  use  of  das  or  welches  imperative, 
or  do  we  have  here  a  case  of  euphonic  law?  Das,  das  is  not  as  pleasing 
to  the  ear  as  das,  was.  Still  this  euphonic  principle  should  not  aflfect 
dasjenige,  welches.  While  we  have  a  fair  number  of  dasjenige,  welches 
clauses,  we  have  but  two  das,  welches,  and  we  are  therefore  led  to  suppose 
that  dasjenige  has  a  certain  particularizing  force  which  is  not  so  evident 
in  das  and  which  attests  its  presence  by  the  difference  in  ratios. 

The  fact  to  be  borne  in  mind  with  reference  to  the  neuter  demonstra- 
tives is  the  outstanding  preference  for  was  as  the  relative.  The  neuter 
demonstrative,  alles  of  the  neuter  indefinites,  and  the  superlative  of 
neuter  substantivized  adjectives  are  the  "  Gebiet "  where  was  prevails. 

2.  Indefinites 
a)  Masculine  or  Feminine 
How  thoroughly  der  has  prevailed  over  welcher  after  masculine  and 
feminine  indefinite  pronouns  is  made  clear  by  the  fact  that  in  the  case 
of  practically  ever}'  indefinite  pronoun  there  are  more  examples  of  der 
as  the  relative  following  than  of  welcher.  After  alle  the  ratio  is  33  to  one; 
a.iieT auderer ,  five  to  one;  after  einer,  almost  ten  to  one;  after  ^m/^e,  seven 
to  two;  after  e/;/c/^ger,  thirteen  to  two;  after  etliche,  seven  to  three;  after 
jeder,  37  to  two;  after  solcher,  seven  to  one;  after  viele,  eleven  to  five; 
after  wenige,  nine  to  two.     After  some  indefinites  der  is  the  only  relative 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE  15 

found  in  the  works  of  this  investigation;  viz.,  after  dergleichen,  einzelner, 
jedermann,  jemand,  keiner,  mancher,  die  meisten,  niemand,  ubrige, 
verschiedene. 

b)  Neuter 

As  Curme  says  in  his  Grammar  of  the  German  Language,  p.  211, 
was  can  have  an  antecedent,  if  that  antecedent  be  a  word  expressing 
an  indefinite  general  idea,  such  as  an  indefinite  pronoun,  so  Oskar  Erd- 
mann,  in  his  Grundziige  der  deutschen  Syntax,  p.  53,  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that  was  is  used  after  a  neuter  pronominal  antecedent.  The 
present  investigation  shows  that  to  be  true  for  the  eighteenth  century 
after  alles,  with  421  instances  of  was,  to  only  two  of  welches  and  three 
of  das,  but  this  is  practically  the  only  indefinite  pronoun  in  the  case 
of  which  there  is  a  heavy  preponderance  in  favor  of  was.  After  anders 
there  are  nine  instances  of  was  to  one  of  welches  and  six  of  das.  After 
eins,  das  is  preferred  over  was  five  to  three. 

In  the  case  of  das  einzige,  which  really  has  a  superlative  force,  there 
are,  in  accordance  with  what  we  might  expect,  17  was  to  two  das  and 
one  welches. 

After  es,  was  is  preferred  four  to  one. 

Etwas  seems  to  have  a  particularizing  force,  and  while  we  have  23 
examples  of  was  there  are  15  of  welches  and  71  of  das.  It  may,  of  course, 
be  the  desire  of  the  author  to  avoid  repetition  of  similar  sounds,  such 
as  we  find  in  etwas,  was,  that  contributed  to  the  use  of  etwas,  welches  and 
etwas,  das.  The  author  who  contributed  most  examples  of  etwas,  das 
is  Fichte,  who  because  of  his  philosophical  mind  was  more  apt  to  note 
the  precise  force  of  the  relative  pronouns  and  who  made  use  of  das  for 
the  purpose  of  particularizing. 

After  das  Ganze  there  is  no  instance  of  was  but  ten  of  das  and  one  of 
welches. 

Nichts  is  followed  by  was  56  times,  by  das  26  and  by  welches  twice. 
This  frequent  use  of  das  after  nichts  is  striking  as  we  would  perhaps 
expect  was.  We  hardly  feel  any  particularizing  force  here,  nor  is  there 
any  euphonic  principle  involved  which  would  miUtate  against  the  use  of 
nichts,  was. 

Vieles,  was  occurs  six  times  to  seven  of  vieles,  das  and  two  of  vieles, 
welches. 

Das  wenige,  was  preponderates  over  das  wenige,  das  eight  to  one. 

On  the  whole  we  find  in  the  case  of  the  neuter  indefinites  a  decided 
difference  from  the  usage  of  the  neuter  demonstratives.  In  the  latter 
class  was  is  by  all  odds  the  relative  called  for,  while  after  indefinites  was 


16  GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

is  in  some  instances  exceeded  b}-  das  (welches),  and  in  no  case,  except 
alles  and  wenig,  is  there  any  striking  preponderance  of  was  over  the  other 
relatives. 

Why  should  there  be  this  difference  between  demonstratives  and  in- 
definites? We  should  naturally  expect  particularizing  das  {welches) 
after  demonstratives;  we  find  the  generalizing  was.  We  should  expect 
a  generaHzing  was  after  indefinites;  we  find  an  exceedingly  frequent  use 
of  das  {welches). 

The  fact  that  nichts  is  followed  by  was  and  etwas  by  das  suggests  a 
solution.  Nichts  is  the  opposite  of  alles,  and  as  alles,  was  became  ex- 
clusively prevalent,  so  its  opposite  nichts,  was.  With  etwas,  das  the 
specific  something  enters  in,  definite  to  the  mind  of  the  writer  or  speaker. 
So  also  in  vieles,  das.  The  author  had  in  mind  a  specific  amount,  a  de- 
finite mass  or  number.  In  the  case  of  ganz  we  have  the  idea  of  a  definite 
totality,  not  everything  in  the  world,  but  everything  belonging  to  a  spe- 
cific unit,  definite  in  the  mind  of  the  writer,  who  therefore  uses  das  in- 
stead of  was. 

3.  Personal  Pronouns 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  preference  for  der  is  not  limited  to 
the  mascuHne  and  feminine  demonstratives  and  masculine  and  feminine 
indefinites  but  is  also  present  in  the  case  of  the  personal  pronouns.  The 
particular  reason  why  der  fits  in  better  than  welcher  with  the  personal 
pronoun  is  perhaps  its  being  monosyllabic.  The  personal  pronouns  are 
all  short  words,  and  the  shorter  relative  articulates  more  smoothly  with 
the  personal  pronoun  than  the  longer  relative  does.  No  doubt  this  mono- 
syllabic character  of  der  also  contributes  to  its  prevalence  after  antece- 
dents other  than  the  personal  pronouns,  but  the  principle  is  more  evident 
in  the  case  of  the  latter. 

Curme  is  right  when  he  says  that  der  is  usually  employed  when  the 
relative  refers  to  a  personal  pronoun  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Lan- 
guage, p.  202).  There  are,  in  fact,  exceedingly  few  exceptions  to  this 
rule.  He  is  also  right  in  stating  that  the  relative  welcher  is  sometimes 
used  instead  of  der,  if  the  personal  pronoun  is  not  repeated  after  the  re- 
lative (p.  203),  for  in  no  instance  is  the  personal  pronoun  repeated  after 
welcher.  While  he  says  that  welcher  is  most  common  after  a  personal 
pronoun  of  the  third  person  (p.  204),  he  could  have  made  the  statement 
still  stronger,  as  far  as  the  eighteenth  century  is  concerned,  for  there  is 
not  a  single  instance  of  welcher  after  a  pronoun  of  the  first  or  second 
person  in  the  entire  mass  of  material  investigated. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE  17 

As  far  as  this  investigation  goes  one  can  not  say,  with  Ludwig  Siit- 
terlin  (Deutsche  Sprache  der  Gegenwart,  p.  105),  that  the  authors  are 
seriously  at  variance  with  respect  to  the  person  of  the  verb  in  the  relative 
clause.  The  rule  is  to  use  the  verb  form  of  the  third  person  unless  the 
personal  pronoun  is  repeated  after  the  relative,  in  which  case  the  verb 
agrees  with  the  antecedent  in  person.  One  single  exception  is  found  to 
this  rule,  namely  in  Wieland,  who  in  one  solitary  instance  uses  the  second 
person  of  the  verb  after  der,  to  agree  with  the  antecedent  dii.  As  this 
is  the  only  exception  to  the  rule,  we  must  somewhat  modify  Curme's 
statement  (p.  203):  "Sometimes  the  personal  pronoun  after  the  relative 
is  dropped,  the  verb,  however,  agreeing  in  the  same  manner  with  the 
antecedent  in  person:  .  .  .  Sometimes  the  personal  pronoun  is  dropped 
and  the  verb  goes  over  into  the  third  person:"  This  investigation  shows 
that  the  verb  almost  invariably  goes  over  into  the  third  person  when 
the  personal  pronoun  is  dropped,  and  to  say  that  sometimes  the  one 
thing  happens,  sometimes  the  other,  is  not  putting  it  strongly  enough 
for  the  eighteenth  century. 

With  reference  to  the  repetition  of  the  pronoun  of  the  first  and  the 
second  person  after  the  relative,  it  is  noteworthy  that  most  authors  have  a 
distinct  fondness  for  this  construction.  Abraham,  Engel,  Gellert, 
Goethe,  Gottsched,  and  Rabener  are  continually  using  it.  Fichte  re- 
peats the  personal  pronoun  every  time  the  antecedent  immediately 
precedes  the  relative,  and  the  same  is  true  of  Lessing.  Herder  repeats 
the  personal  pronoun  half  the  time.  Wieland  alone  stands  out  against 
the  practice.  We  may,  therefore,  with  good  reason  conclude  for  eight- 
eenth century  prose  that  whenever  the  antecedent  is  a  pronoun  of  the 
first  or  the  second  person,  the  personal  pronoun  is  generally  repeated 
after  the  relative  and  the  verb  agrees  with  the  antecedent. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sentence  or  Phrase 

While  K.  G.  Andresen  (Sprachgebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit 
im  Deutschen,  pp.  310-11)  says  that  one  very  often  finds  welches  for 
was  after  a  preceding  sentence,  Curme  (A  Grammar  of  the  German 
Language,  p.  207)  mentions  the  fact  that  in  the  classics  of  the  eighteenth 
century  we  still  find  welches  used  as  well  as  was,  and  that  it  occurs  some- 
times even  in  the  language  of  to-day.  According  to  the  statement  of  the 
latter,  one  might  be  led  to  infer  that  welches  was  rapidly  being  pushed 
aside  by  was.  But,  as  the  statistics  show,  welches  throughout  the  cen- 
tury had  a  big  lead  over  was.  Welches  occurs  293  times  to  42  occurrences 
of  was.     The  only  authors  who  show  any  preference  for  was  are  Engel 


18  GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

Gellert,  and  Herder,  and  of  these  Herder  uses  welches  four  times  to  five 
of  was.  Siitterlin  states  (Deutsche  Sprache  der  Gegenwart,  p.  105), 
that  relative  clauses  that  have  a  whole  sentence  as  the  antecedent  now 
use  was  exclusively,  and  that  welches,  consequently,  is  no  longer  used. 
Be  that  as  it  may,  welches  was  the  pronoun  generally  employed  in  eight- 
eenth century  prose. 

D.  The  Indefinite  Relatives 

The  authors  of  the  eighteenth  century  were  very  careful  not  to  use 
wer  as  a  relative  a-iterjeder,  keiner,mancher,  etc.  K.  G.  Andresen  (Sprach- 
gebrauch  und  Sprachrichtigkeit  im  Deutschen,  pp.  311-12)  states  that 
jeder,  wer  is  occasionally  found  in  Goethe  and  elsewhere,  but  no  such 
instances  were  noted  in  the  material  of  this  investigation,  and  we  may 
safely  conclude  that  such  use  was  exceedingly  rare. 

Wer  was  used  in  the  eighteenth  century,  as  well  as  to-day,  with  a 
general  or  indefinite  meaning.  The  usage  throughout  the  century  con- 
curs with  Curme's  statement  (A  Grammar  of  the  German  Language, 
p.  211):  "Wer  is  always  used  in  an  indefinite  sense  and  may  thus  refer 
to  one  or  more,  but  never  to  a  definite  person,  in  which  case  der  or  der 
welcher  must  be  used. "  We  find  der  almost  twice  as  often  as  der,  welcher 
in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  sometimes  welcher  alone  appears.  The 
use  of  welcher,  however,  is  very  rare.  Its  force  is  not  as  definite  as  that 
of  der  nor  yet  as  indefinite  as  that  of  wer;  its  significance  seems  to  lie 
somewhere  between  the  two. 

With  welcher  practically  eliminated  as  an  indefinite  relative  for  the 
eighteenth  century,  we  still  have  two  words:  wer  and  der.  There  are 
times  when  one  is  not  absolutely  certain  whether  or  not  the  author  had 
something  definite  in  mind,  but  as  a  general  rule,  deduced  from  the  large 
number  of  illustrations  presented,  we  may  state  that  der  was  used  with 
particularizing  force,  while  wer  was  reserved  for  the  general  statement. 

Wherever  the  demonstrative  da  occurs,  it  serves  to  strengthen  the 
pronoun,  making  wer  more  general  and  der  more  particular.  Similarly 
auch  is  sometimes  used  to  strengthen  the  general  idea  in  wer. 

From  the  large  number  of  examples  of  wer,  der,  such  as  "Wer  Geist 
besitzet,  der  wird  diese  Materie  poetisch  erhohen"  (Breitingcr:  Critische 
Dichtkunst,  p.  358,  6  f.),  it  is  evident  that  der  is  never  the  antecedent  of 
wer.  Curme  is  right  in  stating  that  der  is  only  the  repetition  of  the  sub- 
ject wer,  and  not  being  necessary  can  be  dropped. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 

EXAMPLES 


19 


The  page  and  the  line  are  indicated.     When  the  letter  /  is  added,  the  lines  are 
counted  from  the  bottom  of  the  page.    Intr.  =  Introduction.    1.1.  =  last  line.    N  =  Note. 

ABRAHAM:  NARREN-NEST  derselbe,  der:  I,  44,  2  f. 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter  derselbe,   welcher:  I,   91,    13; 

Substantivized      Adjectives     91,  9  f.;  138,  11  f.;  Ill,  154,  6. 
(No  examples)  derselbe,  so :  I,  91,  4  f. 

dieser,  der:  I,  64,  11  f.;  66,  3; 
67,1.1. 

jener,  der:  I,  34,  7;  92,  8;  II, 
4,  7;    16,  2;  140,4. 
Masculine  or  Feminine  jener,  welcher:  I,  83,  1;  108, 

der,  der:  I,   76,  6;    137,    11;      8;  II,  157,  8  f.;  152,  12;  167,  4;  189, 
II,  14,  8;  14,  11;  14,  3f.;  19,  4;      7  f.;  Ill,  163, 12;  202, 10. 
23,  5-7;  43,  10;  79,  I.I.;  80,  1;  85,  jener,  so:  I,  138,  8  f. 


B.  The    Relative    after    Pro 
NOMINAL  Antecedents 
I.  Demonstratives 


4;  108,  13  f.;  166,  6f.;  166,  3f.; 
213,  12  f.;  Ill,  126,  8;  173,9  f. 

der,  welcher:  II,  39,  5f.;  57, 
6;212,6;III,  75,  1;233,  12f. 

der,  so:  1,82,  13;  II,  16,  4  f. 

derjenige,  der:  Intr.  4,  b,  4f.; 
I,  51,  5f.;  135,  7f.;  136,  12;  II, 
16,  2f.;  53,  12;  149,  7;  187,  14; 
III,  52,  4;  84,  6f.;  125,  11  f.;  143, 
4;  155,  7  f. 

derjenige,  welcher:  I,  1,  9;  42, 
14f.;44,13;51,6f.;91,9;91,13f. 
101,  14f.;II,  53,  4;53,  6;56,  3  f . 
178,  13  f.;  Ill,  Intr.  ).(4,  2f.;  2 
14;  5,  13f.;32,  4;81,  1.1.;  104,  3  f. 
119,  14  f.;  124,  11  f.;  211,  11;  215 
12;  222,  13;  234,  3f.;  234,  1.1. 
235,  3;  235,  5;  III,  145,  1;  145, 
12;  164, 10  f. 

derjenige,  so:  Intr.  5,  a,  6f.; 
I,-13,  3  f.;  53,5;  82,  13;  III,  Intr.) 
(6, 4  f.;  30, 1.1.;  43, 10;  235,  8. 

derjenige,  wer:  111,63,11. 


Neuter 

das,  was.  I,  14,  6;  14,  8f.;  61, 
6f.;  11,61,  7f.;  169,  10f.;III,  30, 
11;  118,  7  f. 

das,  welches:  II,  153,  3. 

dasjenige,  was:  I,  15,  6;  21, 
12;III,  28,  5;37,  9;66,  4;  116,  13; 
130,  14  f.;  166,  4  f.;  206,  6  f. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,  die:  11,27,  14f.;27,  10  f.; 
27,  6f.;  79,  11  f.;  90,  9;  131,  2  f.; 
139,  6;  139,  7;  139,  8. 

anderer,   der:  I,  78,  6  f. 

anderer,  welcher:  I,  43,  3  f.; 
Ill,  208, 14  f. 

anderer,  so:  I,  125,  10  f. 

einer,  der:  I,  19,  2;  24,  5;  34, 
2f.;42,  4f.;43,  9f.;81,  14  f.;  128, 
8;  130,  11  f.;  II,  3,  1.1.;  166,  10 f.; 
Ill,  138,  8f.;  139,  10;  143,6;  194, 
6  f.;  225,  14  f. 


20 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


einer,  welcher:  I,  87,  11. 

einer,  so:  I,  97,  3. 

einige,  die:  1,41,  2. 

einziger,  welcher:  II,  120,  3. 

etliche,  welche:  III,  193,  9  f. 

jeder,    welcher:  II,  87,  14. 

keiner,  der:  1,42,4. 

solcher,  der:  I,  27,  3f.-2f. ; 
70,  4;  II,  208,  4  f.;  Ill,  75,2. 

viele,  die:  1, 13,  12;  83,  6  f. 

viele,  welche:  I,  80,  13;  III, 
138,  2  f. 

viele,  so:  I,  36,  12. 

wenige,  die:  I,  32,  9;  32,  4  f. 

wenige,  welche:  III,  100,  3. 

wenige,  so:  I,  37,  13  f. 

Neuter. 

alles,  w'as:  I,  12,  4-6;  61,  7f.; 
103,  4f.;  118,  3f.;  II,  27,  13;  27, 
14;  45,  6f.;  144,  3;  III,  Intr.  op.) 
(5,  8;  58,  8;  135,  9;  205,  12. 

es,  was:  II,  53, 9;  56, 11. 

etwas,  was:  III,  11,  11;  144, 
10;  152,  13  f. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  II,  27,  8  f. 
welcher:  II,  214, 13  f. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 
welches:  Intr.  2b,  3f.;  I,  14, 

3f.;15,ll;16,6f.;17,4f.;25,6f.; 

29,  1;39,  10f.;58,  2;96,  14;98,  1; 

112,  13;  117,  1;  123,  2;  125,  14; 

125,  8f.;  136,  14  f.;  137,  10  f.;  II, 

132,  4f.;  211,  11  f.;  Ill,  3,  14;  20, 

7;  30,  4  f.;  56,  11  f.;  74,  5  f.;  94,  12; 


103,4;  111,  lOf.;  114,  lOf.;  122,6; 
122,  3  f.;  156,  8;  177,5  f.;  179, 10  f.; 
217,  11. 

was  anbelanget  (anbetrifft,  be- 
trifft):  II,  125,  4;  III,  72,  1;  72,4; 
110, 9;  112,  5;  138, 11;  221,3  f. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 

der:  I,  26,  9;  30,  12f.;65,  5f.; 
67,  9f.;  140,  8;  II,  108,  12;  128, 
9f.;214,  7;III,  141,7. 

der  da:  I,  135,  4f.;  II,  201, 
12f.;III,  Intr.  op.)  (5,7. 

welcher:  II,  108, 1. 

wer:  I,  75,  9;  77,  6f.;  II,  17, 
6f.;23,  2;85,  7f.;113,  11;  113,12; 
III,  88,  2;  103, 1.1.;  167,  1;  190,3  f. 

wer,  der:  Intr.  5a,  7f.;  I,  27, 
7;  28,  9f.;  35,  7f.;  36,  2;  69,  6f.; 
76,  9;  134,  14  f.;  II,  22,  11;  60,  6  f.; 
200,  10f.-9f.;  Ill,  Intr.)(5,  6;  30, 
6;  50,  11;  51,  7;  66,  11;  138,  5f.; 
154,8;  194,  9  f.;  195,  1;  195,  10  f.; 
209,5f.;227,  10;236,  6. 

wer,  derselbe:  111,69,11. 

BODMER:      POETISCHE    GE- 

MAHLDE,  DISCOURSE  DER 

MAHLERN 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 

Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.    The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 

was-clauses:  PG^57,5;  71, 13  f. 

das- (welches-)  clauses,  das- 
clauses:  PG  29,  13  f.;  68,  8  f.;  126, 
10;   172,   14;    191,    10;   205,   14  f.; 


'  PG  =  Poetische  Gemiihlde. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


21 


217,8;  220,  15;  252,  2  f.;  Disc.i 
2a,  6;  115,  15;  115,  16.  welches- 
clauses:  PG  5,  13;  15,  3;  17,  3 
82,  llf.;95,  llf.;154, 16;  172,1.1. 
240,  13;  243,  9;  Disc.  28,  6  f . 
78,  10;  118,  11;  118,  6f.;  164,7. 
so-clause:  PG  276,  11. 

II.  The      Superlative      Category 
was-clause:  PG  283,  5  f. 
das- (welches-)   clause,   no   ex- 
ample. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 
I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  PG  183,  13;  255,  5 
257,  7;  290,  10;  Disc.  23,  3  f.-l.l. 
32,  11;  46,  14  f.;  109,  11  f.;  146,6 
160,5  f.;  169,  10;  185,  9f.;  188,  1 
195,  15;  195, 14  f. 

der,  wekher:  PG  143,  2;  215, 
2  f.;  Disc.  140,5  f. 

der,  so:  PG  288,15;  Disc.  84, 
6f. 

derjenige,  der:  PG  16,  5  f.;  35 
9;  35,  12;  38,  11  f.;  41,  15  f.;  80 
14  f.;  143,  5f.;  145,  9;  145,  10  f. 
197,  2f.;  Disc.  9,  3f.;  15,  12  f. 
19,  3  f.;  22,  15;  23,  11;  23,  17;  24 
4f.;  30,  14;  31,  18  f.;  32,  13;  32 
7f.;44,  7f.;46,  5;46,  12;  52,  9  f. 
54,  6;  65,4  f.;  68,  5  f.;  94,  12  f.;  95 
11;101,  10f.;101,  7f.;102,8;107 
7;  110,  15;  110,  16;  115,8-12;  119 
16  f.;  127,  10 f.;  140,  7;  155,  7  f . 


158,  14;  159,  9f.;  159,  8f.;  168, 
4f.;183,  19;188,  14;188,  13f. 

derjenige,  welcher:  PG  17, 12; 
25,  7;  27,  12;  94,  13  f.;  210,  8f.; 
288,  5;  Disc.  55,  12  f.;  65,  5  f.;  84, 
8f.;  118,  9f.;  140,  10  f.;  140,  7f.; 
155,  2f.;  157,  11;  172,  2f.;  181,6; 
191,5. 

derjenige,  so:  Disc.  49,  11; 
168,  7. 

dieser,der:  PG  143,  2  f. 

Neuter 

das,  was:  PG  15,  8f.;  23,  6f.; 
25,  12;  26,  7;  32,  1;  55,  14  f.;  66, 
1.1.;  83,  11  f.;  112,  9  f.;  114,6;  148, 
11;  149,  8;  215,  13  f.;  231,  11  f.; 
235,  7;  249,  13;  275,  12 f.;  281,1; 
291,  3;  Disc.  6,4;  7,  3f.;  29,  8f.; 
116,  12;  175,  15  f.;  176,  15;  186, 
2f. 

das,  so:  PG  13,  2f.;  Disc.  79, 
9f. 

dasjenige,  was:  PG  18,  14  f.; 
25,  13;  34,  14;  39,  11;  39,  14;  86, 
8f.;  95,  4f.;  110,  10;  131,  11  f.; 
212,  15;  263,  2;  271,  2f.;  Disc.  6, 
14f.-13f.;  23,  17  f.;  23,  llf.;  23, 
10  f.;  65,  2f.;  115,  10;  156,  7f.; 
187,  11. 

dasjenige,  das:  Disc.  75,  llf.; 
187,  7. 

dasjenige,  welches:  Disc.  31, 
1.1.;47,5;47,  llf.;96, 14. 

dieses,  was:  PG  54,  10  f.;  83, 
11;  140,  6  f.;  Disc.  77,3  f. 

dieses,  das:  PG  61,  6  f. 


'  Disc.  =  Discourse  der  Mahlem. 


22 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alles,die:  PG213,6f. 

anderer,  der:  PG  81,  1;  Disc. 
23,  19;31,  18;66,  14;122,  15;  155, 
l;188,7f. 

anderer,  welcher:  Disc.  173,  4. 

dergleJchen,  die:  Disc.  140, 
13  f. 

einer,  der:  PG  3,  9;  105,  1.1.; 
Disc.  57,  13-15;  163,  16;  169,  2f.; 
176,  19. 

einer,  welcher:  PG  77,  12  f.; 
143,6. 

einige,  die:  PG  25,  3;  81,  14. 

etliche,  die:  Disc.  106, 6  f. 

jeder,  der:  Disc.  21,  11  f.;  106, 
12;108,4;152,  13;173,  10;197,7f. 

jedermann,  der:  PG  131,  3; 
Disc.87,  14f.;97,  ll;158,6f. 

keiner,  der:  Disc.  73,  9. 

mancher,  der:  PG  3,  8  f.;  Disc. 
22,  15. 

niemand,  der:  PG82,  2f.;  199, 
6. 

solcher,  der:  Disc.  174,  2  f. 

wenige,  die:  Disc.  84,  2  f. 

Neuter 

alles,  was:  PG  4,  2  f.;  5,  1;  17, 

14;  32,  12;  32,  14 f.;  55,  5f.;  55, 
3f.;  59,  10;  115,  14;  156,  9;  176, 
7;  283,  15  f.;  Disc.  8,  4f.;  13,  15; 
32,  10f.;43,  12  f.;  44,  7  f.;  47,  19; 
47,9f.-7f.;48,  13f.;62,  10  f.;  152, 
7. 


alles,  das:  Disc.  13,  16. 

alles,  welches:  Disc.  61,  4. 

anderes,  was:  PG  73,  9;  61, 
14  f.;  Disc.  61,  14  f. 

anderes,  das:  Disc.  20,  8-9. 

etwas,  das:  PG  212,  11;  Disc. 
173,  10;  175,  13;  180,  15  f. 

etwas,welches:  PG  78, 12;  Disc. 
163,  4  f. 

das  Ganze,  das:  PG  220,  5. 

nichts,  das:  PG71,  4f.;  Disc. 
45,  12;  85, 1.1.;  187,5. 

nichts,  welches:  PG  22,  3f.; 
Disc.  44,1.1. 

viel,  welches:  Disc.  94,  4  f . 

weniges,  was:  PG  282,  7  f. 

das  wenigste,  das:  Disc.  159,  4. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  Disc.    76,   8f.;    143,   8f.; 
166,  6;  190,  2  f. 

welcher:  Disc.  8,  9. 
C.  The  Relatwe  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 
was:  PG  34,  4;  Disc.  29,  10; 
67,  8  f.;  75, 11. 

welches:  PG  20,  4f.;41,  10  f.; 
76,  12  f.;  91,  14  f.;  114,  1.1.;  135, 
5;  167,  13  f.;  170,  4;  224,  6;  229, 
5;  269,  6;  271,  3  f.;  282,  5  f.;  290,  8; 
293,  5;  Disc.  46,  8;  63,  10;  142, 
11  f.;  143,  3;  144,  14  f.;  163,  15  f.; 
182,  9  f.;  184,  16  f. 

was  anbelangt  (anlangt,  an- 
siehet,  anbetrlfft,  angehet,  be- 
trifft,  antrifft,  belanget):  PG  16, 
1.1.;  19,  15;  24,  1;  32,  2f.;  60,  5 
71,  8;  125,  7f.;  129,  15;  138,  10 
141,8;  207,  10;  267,  7f.;  288,  4  f. 


GERMAN   RELATIVES    IN    EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY    PROSE 


23 


Disc.  56,  12  f.;  60,  11;  83,  8;  139, 
8  f.;  200,  6. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
der:  Disc.  2,  13  f.;  14,  17  f.;  21, 

9;  22,  16;  35,  15  f.;  60,  4f.;  73,  6; 

102,5;  102,  15;  110,  10  f.;  140,  12; 

144,  8  f.;  187,  11  f.;  190,  6  f.;    191, 

2f. 

welcher:  Disc.  113, 1.1. 

wer:  PG  23,  4;  40,  8;  47,  7;  55, 
12;  55,  14;  114,  15;  120,  1.1.;  144, 
5f.;  249,  5f.;  259,  9f.;  273,  3  f.; 
291,  7. 

wer,  der:  PG  19,  1;  20,  10;  22, 
4  f.;  25, 1.1.;  290,  2;  Disc.  45,  8;  48, 
2;57,  7f.;65,  7;70,  7f.;102,  11. 

wer,  derselbige:  Disc.  68,  15  f. 

wer,  er:  Disc.  62,  4. 

BREITINGER:  CRITISCHE 
DICHTKUNST 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 

was-clause.     364, 6. 

das-  (welches-)  clauses,  das- 
clauses:  9,  13  f;  112,9  f.;  128, 15  f.; 
183,  1.1.;  291,  12;  291,  13  f.;  292,  7; 
362, 12;  390,  6  f.  welches-clauses: 
17,  2  f.;  59,  9;  62,  11;  67,  11  f.;  77, 
12;  79,  8  f.;  117,  11  f.;  125,4;  134, 
7f.;  183,  5f.;  193,  16;  211,  12; 
263,  4  f.;  265,4;  291,  11;  292,  1.1.; 
299,  11  f.;  353,  13;  448,  3  f. 


11.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clause,  no  example. 

das-  (welches-)  clause,  no  ex- 
ample. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  3,  2  f.;  59,  15;  114,  13; 
123,  6f.;  262,  10  f.;  414,  2;  466, 
9f.;467,6;467,  13f.;492,  3f. 

derjenige,  der:  13,  13  f.;  115, 
3;  116,  5;  163,  6;  221,  11  f.;  269, 
12  f.;  276,  16;  293,  4f.;  309,  I.I.; 
3>?>2>,  8f.;  358,  llf.;  405,  14;  406, 
15;446,5f.;455,  13f.;467,  7;481, 
9;  496,  12  f.;  496,  9  f. 

derjenige,  welcher:  6,  9;  12,8; 
98,  14  f.;  101,  15;  125,  10;  327,  2; 
338,  5  f.;  372,  8;  399,  10;  488,  10  f. 

jener,  der:  113,  4f. 

Neuter 

das,  was:  7,  2  f.;  32,  5  f.;  42,  9 
42,  13;  66,  6f.;  109,  10;  119,  2 
123,  15;  126,  14;  135,  14;  136,  8 
138,8;  138,  11;  138,  16;  138,  14  f. 
138,  13  f.;  140,  13  f.;  141,  6  f.;  141 
3f.;  142,  3  f.;  156,  10;  179,3;  212 
4  f.;  224,  11  f.;  262,  5  f.;  274,  4 
280,  14;  281,  10;  315,  13;  315,  14 
356,  9;  363,  5;  396,  5;  400,  1;  402 
12  f.;  483, 15; 489,  5;  490,  6;  494,  4 

das,  so:  59,  13;  59,  16;  171 
2f. 


24 


GERMAN  RELATRTS  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


dasjenige,was:  53,12;  96, 5, f. 
Ill,  12  f.;  132,  12;  132, 15  f.;  140 
15f.;154, 1;163,  12;170, 13f.;174 
6;  199,  3f.;  204,  6f.;  264,  14  f. 
266,  1.1.;  270,  14  f.;  277,  2f.;  279 
15;  280,  1.1.;  284,  12  f.;  309,  14 
324,  2;  357,  12;  396,  3;  408,  4;  416 
7f.;  430,  1.1.;  432,  16;  452,  1 
456,  12;  465,  7f.;  472,  15-15  f. 
477, 5;  477,  12;  492, 1.1.;  493,  2. 

dasjenige,  so:  292,  8  f. 

dieses,  was:  16,  15  f.;  117,  11. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 
anderer,  der:  105,  7;  163,  13  f.; 
333,  l.L;  411,2  f. 

anderer,  so:  114,  2  f. 
einer,  der:  456,  5  f. 
jeder,  der:  111,  11;  227,  7. 
jemand,  der:  113,4f. 
solcher,  der:  98,  12  f. 
solcher,  welcher:  98,  8  f. 

Neuter 

alles,  was:  7,  7f.;  17,  8f.;  52, 
3;  53,  7f.;  54,  3;  55,  5;  55,  8;  71, 
14;  84,  6;  91,  3f.;  92,  4f.;  93, 
5;  94,  11;  110,9;  lll,8f.-6f.;  112, 
l;113,7f.;123,4;130,5f.-2f.;134, 
6-9;  134,  12;  134,  3f.;  134,  1.1.; 
202,  3;  268,  2f.;  270,  11;  276,  12; 
303,  4f.;  381,  2f.;  391,  2f.;  431, 
3;  433,  15;  439,  10;  441,  15  f.;  477, 
7  f.;  483,  13;  491,5  f. 

anders,  das:  354,  5  f. 

es,was:  109,  5;  503, 11  f. 

etwas,  was:  123,  13  f.;  439, 
13  f. 


etwas,  das:  126,  7f.;  138,  4f.; 
194,  15  f.;  268,  11  f.;  474,  1. 

etwas,  welches:  138,  2  f. 

nichts,  was:  101,  13;  154,  7f.; 
296,  12;  356,  13;  476,  2;  492,  14  f. 

nichts,  das:  94,  12  f.;  233, 
5f.;423,  2;483,  7. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 
(no  examples) 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 

was:  162,  10;  341,4  f. 

welches:  10,  4  f.;  16,  3;  21,  2 
35,  6;  37,  16;  70,  2;  76,  13  f.;  80^ 
6;  115,  6f.;  119,  2;  140,  4f.;  148 
8f.;  152,  5f.;  156,  9;  189,  note 
12;  193,  10;  196,  note,  8;  205,  12 
236,  2;  251,  lOf.;  256,  6  f.;  284,  14 
289,  12  f.;  290,  9;  300,  7  f.;  306,  3 
314,  12;  342,  2f.;  352,  5f.;  354 
7f.;  356,  10  f.;  400,  15  f.;  460,  15 
498, 1;  501,  14  f. 

was  anbelanget  (betrifft,  an- 
gehet,  anianget.anbetrifft.  beriihr- 
et):90,  12;  104,  13;  113,  13;  126,3; 
137,  7;  143,  13  f.;  144,  12  f.;  147, 
8  f.;  157,  4;  158,  10;  193,  12  f.;  201, 
8  f.;  205,  2  f.;  267,  15;  273,  10;  282, 
14;  300,  5;  374,  1;  374,  5f.;  396, 
6f.;  447,  11;  448,  11  f.;  454,  10; 
456,  2;  467,  12;  501,  2  f. 

D.  The  Indefinite  Relatives 
wer:  40,  2f.;  129,  4;  213,  11; 

221,  1;  248,6;  248,  8  f.;  364,  12  f.; 
442,  14  f.;  457,  7f.;  487,9  f.;  501, 
12  f. 

wer,  der:  50,  1.1.;  116.  11  f.; 
161,    14;   219,   1.1.;   290,    14;   295, 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


25 


6  f.;  334,  8;  358,  6  f.;  360,  14;  457, 
6;  472,  8  f.;  485, 9;  488, 4  f. 

ENGEL:  HERR  LORENZ 

STARK,  DER  PHILOSOPH 

FUR  DIE  WELT 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 
The  Positive-Comparative 

Category 

was-clauses.  HLS^  428,  5f.; 
Phil.2  219,  7f. 

das-  (welches-)  clauses,  das- 
clauses:  HLS  323,  3;  371,  18;  373, 
6f.;  409,  2f.;  442,  10;  Phil.  37, 
5f.;  76,  3;  167,  10  f.;  310,  8;  336, 
9f.  welches-clause:  Phil.  35,  3  f . 
II.  The  Superlative  Category 

was-clauses.  HLS  326,  3;  430, 
9;442,  20;Phil.  254,  2f. 

das-clause.    Phil.  158,  2  f. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  HLS  388,  37;  420, 
18;  Phil.  7,  3f.;  12,  2f.;  30,  5; 
36,  1.1.;  81,  3;  123,  6f.;  174,  10; 
249,  3f.;  250,  6f.;  292,  10;  368, 
7f. 

der,welcher:  HLS  321, 17. 

derjenige,  der:  HLS  406, 
13;  Phil.  126,  10;  190,  8;  202, 
5f.;236,4f. 

derselbige,  welcher:  Phil.  343, 
2f. 

dieser,  der:  HLS  354,  9;  418, 
34. 

'  HLS  =  Herr  Lorenz  Stark. 

»  Phil.  =  Der  Philosoph  fur  die  Welt. 


Neuter 

das,  was:  HLS  338,  29;  344 
1.1.;  346,  6;  360,  36;  378,  24;  403 
25;  420,  29;  431,  12;  434,  28;  Phil 
8,  1;9,  10;  25,  5;  47,  8;  58,  5;  74 
5f.;  78,  3;  83,  6;  100,  1.1.;  101,  2 
105,  2;  107,  8;  118,  1;  121,  3  f. 
122,2;  124,  2  f.;  143,  5  f.;  150,  6  f. 
158,  6;  173,  6;  173,  4f.;  176,  3  f . 
210,  9f.;  215,  9f.;  226,  5;  247,  6 
261,  1;  261,7  f.;  263,  7;  264,  5;  267 
10;  287,  9f.;  289,  3;  344,  3;  348 
8;  365,  2; 369, 5. 

dasjenige,  was:  Phil.  68,  8  f. 

dieses,  was:  Phil.  133,  10  f. 

dieses  und  jenes,  was:    HLS 
442,  35. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,  die:  HLS  321,   20;  Phil. 
78,  6;  100,  6;  106,  3. 

anderer,    der:  HLS    338,    25; 
450,  14;  Phil.  149,  l;183,3f. 

einer,  der:  HLS  366,  31. 

der  einzige,  der:  HLS  335,  2. 

mancher,  der:  Phil.  87,  7. 

niemand,  der:  HLS  408,  1. 

solcher,  der:  Phil.  38,  6f.;  38, 
5f. 

wenige,  die:  Phil.  9,  6. 

Neuter 
alles,  was:  HLS  330,  31;  336, 
10;  352,  5;  354,  6;  368,  12;  404, 
27;  412,  4;  421,  10;  427,  13;  428, 
26;  445,  30;  447,  30;  Phil.  19,  10; 
28,  6;  32,  6f.;  34,  7;  63,  3;  79, 
5;  82,  10;  82,  10  f.;  108,  5;  138, 


26 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  EST  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


5f.;  159,  10 f.;  168,  10;  216,  9f.;      63,  6f.;  100,  9;  100,  10;  163,  3; 
227, 4  f.;  237,  6;  249,  9;  298,  4  f.  209,  3;  250,  2;  286,  7. 


anderes,  was:  Phil.  349,  10. 

anderes,das:  Phil.  94,  7  f.;  164, 
8£. 

das  einzige,  was:  HLS  374, 
3f.;Phil.  200,  7;246,  10. 

es,das:  HLS  329,  4. 

es,  was:  HLS  387,  15. 

etwas,  das:  Phil.  154,  7  f. 

nichts,  was:  HLS  325,  29;  332, 
4;  332,  5;  419,  13;  Phil.  365, 1.1. 

nichts,  das:  Phil.  256,  3  f. 


432,  27;  448,  25. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  HLS  340,  20;  372,  24; 
415,  6;  416,  5;  424,  31;  440,  27; 
Phil.  11,  10;  17,  9;  97,  4f.;  178, 
6f.;246,  1;253,  10;  312,  5  f.;  341, 
8;  343, 4  f. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phr-ase 

was:  HLS  344,  20;  347,  8;  381, 
15;  401,  30;  401,  39;  410,  31;  414, 
21;Phil.  169,4;  196,  10  f. 

welches:  Phil.  140,  6  f. 

was  betrifft:  HLS  332,  35;  336, 
36;417,23. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
der:  HLS  ill,  28;  330,  5;  433, 

22;  Phil.  194,9  f. 

wer:  HLS  345,  21;  360,  34; 
401,  Zy,  443,  15;  Phil.  3,  6;  265, 
4  f.;  310, 6. 


FICHTE:  DIE  BESTIMMUNG 
DES  MENSCHEN,  GRUND- 
LAGE  DER  GESAMTEN 
WISSENSCHAFTSLEHRE 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-clauses.     Best.^    57,    3f.; 
188,  9;  235,  4;  Grundl.^  103,  22; 


das  wenige,  was:  HLS  2>ZZ,  9;     162,  8. 


das-  (welches-)  clauses,  das- 
clauses:  Best.  42,  12;  42,  13;  94, 
4f.;  101,  8;  181,  7f.;  182,  9f.; 
220,  5;  257,  6f.;  301,  10;  Grundl. 
187,  8  f.;  199,10;  209,  1;  217,  8  f. 
Welches-clauses:  Best.  132,  12; 
140,  6;  149,  11  f.;  293,  1.1.;  301, 
11;  Grundl.  84,  2f.;  120,  13;  169, 
1.1.;209,4;213,6;217,  11. 
II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses.  Best.  227,  12; 
264,  2. 

das-    (welches-)     clauses,     no 
example. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 
I.  Demonstratives 
Masctdine  or  Feminine 
der,  der:  Best.  10,  2;  33,  11  f.; 
212,  2  f.;  312,  6  f. 

derjenige,   der:  Best.    Intr.   4, 
5f.;13,9;48,6;211,6-8;271,llf.; 


wer,  der:  HLS  331,  30;  331,     281,  6  f.;  302,  10;  314,  8  f. 
31;  357,  5;  Phil.  39,  9,  10 f.,  8f.;  derjenige,    welcher:  Best.    51, 

^  Best.  =  Die  Bestimmung  des  Menschen. 

'  Grundl.  =  Grundlage  der  gesamten  Wissenschaf tslehre. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


27 


4  f.;  302,  4;  Grundl.  14,  5;  162,  15. 

derselbe,  der:  Grundl.  190,  12. 
Neuter 

das,  was:  Best.  3,  3f.-2f.;  4, 
7f.;  35,  9f.;  36,  9f.;  40,  9f.;  49, 
2f.;51,9f.;57,5f.;60,  3f.;65,  6; 
74,  1;  74,  12;  78,  11  f.;  84,  5  f.; 
95,  1;  96,  12;  97,  10  f.;  98,  10; 
100,  9;  103,  1;  130,  5;  137,  11  f.; 
160,5;  162,  9  f.;  170,  6  f.;  183,  4  f.; 
192,  7 ;  192,  2  f. ;  193, 5  f.;  247, 10  f.; 
254,  10f.-9f.;258,  10;  280,  5;  303, 
9f.;  311,  5;  316,  5;  2>Z2>,  1.1.;  336, 
10;  Grundl.  6,  15;  10,  7;  10,  N, 
U.;  21,  1.1.;  30,  9  f.;  64,  N,  3;  90, 
12;  104,  3f.;  107,  12  f.;  109,  15  f.; 
128,  13  f.;  130,  4f.;  135,  6f.;  138, 
11  f.;  141,  'f.;  141,  2f.;  154,  4; 
170,  3;  170,  6;  177,  16;  183,  11; 
183,  13;  197,  4;  198,1.1.;  204,  2f.; 
220,  10  f. 

das,  das:  Best.  208,  11  f.; 
Grundl.  71,  10. 

das,  welches:  Grundl.  22 1> 
11-12. 

dasjenige,  was:  Best.  5,  1.1.; 
6,  1;33,  9f.;  102,5;  122,9;  131,4; 
142,  11;  204,5  f.;  286,  11;  311,9  f.; 
Grundl.  4,  5;  4,  9;  5,  9;  5,  16;  8, 
4f.;  10,  1.1.;  13,  4;  14,  16;  16,  11; 
29,  5f.;  45,  14;  77,  4f.;  102,  9f.; 
106,  1.1.;  Ill,  8f.;  134,  14;  163, 
13  f. 

dasjenige,  welches:  Best.  54, 
4;  Grundl.  21,  13  f.;  67,  2f.;  112, 
4;  128,  3;  155,  1;  220,  10;  220,  13; 
222,  5  f. 

dasjenige,  das :  Grundl.  33, 9  f . ; 
68,  3;  185,  8  f. 


dasselbe,  was:  Best.  200,  4; 
217,1.1.;  220,  2  f.;  241,  11;  248,  6  f. 

dieses  oder  jenes,  das:  Best. 
40,6. 

dieses,  was:  Best.  80,  8f.;  80, 
5f. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,  die:  Best.  311,  7;  326,  8  f. 

anderer,  der:  Best.  26,  4;  41, 
11  f. 

anderer,  welcher:  Best.  315,  4. 

einer,  der:  Best.  236,  10  f. 

jeder,  der:  Best.  122,  3;  125, 
7;  228,  10  f.;  337,  5;  Grundl.  138, 
N,  6f. 

keiner,  der:  Best.  197,  6f.; 
212,  8  f.;  244,  2;  326,  10  f.;  Grundl. 
131,  15. 

solcher,  der:  Grundl.  192,  2  f . 

wenige,  die:  Best.  223,  1. 

Neuter 

alles,  was:  Best.  10,  6;  11,  8 
25,  4f.;  26,  1;  34,  10-11;  34,  5  f . 
49,  9f.;  66,  7;  103,  3;  137,  1 
170,  10  f.;  184,  6;  190,  5f.;  199 
4;  205,  9  f.;  210,  11  f.;  223,4;  259 
6f.;  273,  6;  296,  3;  303,  1;  311 
7f.;  311,  5f.;  318,9;  322,  2;  329 
12;  331,  2f.;  Grundl.  4,  11;  14,  6 
22,  6;  25,  11  f.;  30,  1.1.;  2,Z,  12  f. 
42,  12  f.;  48,  3;  50,  5;  66,  1;  66 
9f.;  70,  14  f.;  95,  12  f.;  138,9  f. 
188,  12;  204,  8;  220,  12  f. 

alles,  das:  Best.  269,  4  f. 

alles,welches:  Grundl.  220, 12  f 

anderes,was:  Best.  203,5  f. 

das  einige,  das:    Best.  258,  9  f 


28 


GERMAN  RELATRTS  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


eins,   das:  Best.   293,   9;   298, 

10  f;  321,  10. 
das  einzige,  was:  Best.  6,  5; 

173,  6. 

es,  was:  Best.  53,  9f.;  227, 
U.;  311, 1.1. 

es,  das:  Best.  15,  5f.;  17,  9; 
53,  3;  53,  5;  113,  3;  181,  8;  207, 
8f.;327,  9f.;Grundl.  107,  12  f. 

etwas,  was:  Best.  97,  2f.; 
Grundl.  34, 10;  198, 15. 

etwas,  das:  Best.  136,  2;  144, 
11;  154,  1.1.;  173,  9;  175,  3  f.;  176, 

11  f.;  183,  11;  215,  3f.;  221,  11; 
263,  1.1.;  Grundl.  7,  2f.;  17,  9 
(twice) ;  43,  8  f . ;  47,  2-3 ;  103,  1 1  f . ; 
166,  9  f.;  166,  6  f.;  192,3;  192,  11; 
192,  15  f.;  197,  11;  198,  4f.;  204, 
10  f. 

etwas,  welches:  Best.  143,  3  f.; 
181,  5f.;  Grundl.  165,4;  192,4. 

das  Gleiche,  was:  Grundl.  60,      GELLERT: 


C.  The  Relative  .^fter  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 
was:  Best.  194,  2;  Grundl.  72, 

13  f.;  192,  3  f.;  197,  4  f. 

welches:  Best.  18,  2f.;  296, 
5  f;  Grundl.  15,  7;  32,  4;  32,  7;  50, 
9f.;  69,  12  f.;  75,  3f.;  77,  3f.;  80, 
3;  81,  11;  94,  8;  96,  14  f.;  128,  8; 
159,  11;  162,  13  f.;  169,  10  f.;  190, 
3;  194,  6  f.;  195,  12  f.;  198,  1;  206, 
4;  206,  lOf.;  207,  11;  207,4  f.;  208, 
5  f.;  209,  6. 

was  anbelangt  (betrift):  Best. 
20,  8;  20, 11  f. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
der:  Best.  33, 1.l. 
wer  da:  Best.   197,  3  1;    197, 

2f. 

wer,  der:  Best.  194,  3f.;  246, 
11;  Grundl.  123,  N,  9. 


LEBEN      DER 


SCHWED.  GRAFIN  VON  G, 
FUNFTER  THEIL 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 

SUBSTANTmZED   ADJECTIVES 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-clauses,  no  examples. 
das-   (welches-)  clauses,     das- 
clauses:  Leben^  208,  9f.;  223,  8; 
228,  3;  Funfter^  16, 12;  75,  4;  179, 
der:  Best.  29,  1;  53,  4  f.;  54,  2;     6;  218,  10;  218,  15  f.;  264,  6;  266, 
121,8;  188,  10;  193,  5  f.;  198,  8  f.;     4  f.;  269,  2;277,3f.welches-clause: 
201,  11;  204,  4f.;  237,  2;  265,  2;     Funfter  257,  10. 
295,  10  f.;  299,  5;  305,  2;  335,  10  f.;  II.  The  Superlative  Category 

336,  4;  338, 4;  Grundl.  105,  15.  was-clauses.        Leben  263,  8; 

welcher:  Best.  Intr.  5,  2  f.;  156,     325,  7. 
8;  332, 4. 

*  Leben  =  Leben  der  Schwedischen  Grafin  von  G. 
'  Fiinfter  =  Sammtliche  Schriften  (Funfter  Theil). 


1.1. 

nichts,  was:  Best.  Intr.  4,  10  f.; 
78,  7;  Grundl.  65,  14f.;65,  12  f. 

nichts,    das:    Best.     224,    11; 
Grundl.  128,  2  f. 

solches,    das:  Best.    108,    11; 
108,  10  f. 

das  iibrige,  was:  Grundl.  173, 
8f. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


29 


das  (welches-)  clauses,  no 
example. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  Leben  311,  3  f.;  32)3, 
10  f.;  341,  4  f.;  353,  8;  358,  14;  359, 
13;  420,  2;  426,  15  f.;  Funfter  7, 
3  f.;  40,  5;  10,  11  f.;  21,  2  f.;  34,  12; 
47,  14;  49,  7;  49,  12  f.;  51,  5;  53, 
4;  53,  9;  95,  5;  96,  13;  96,  5f.;  96, 
3f.;  109,  11  f.;  119,  14  f.;  141,  9  f.; 
143,  4;  146,  6f.;  151,  3;  161,  6; 
162,8  f.;  164,7  f.;  181,10;  216,11; 
223,  9;  236,  1;  240,  8;  263,  2. 

der,  welcher:  Funfter  31,   12; 

117,  15  f.;  161,  8;  202,  4  f. 
der,  so:  Funfter  281,  9  f. 
derjenige,  der:  Leben  294,  5 

319,  7;  389,  12  f.;  Funfter  1,  8;  10 
12;  21,  10  f.;  22,  14-15  f.;  24,  3 
30,  14f.;30,  12f.;34,  7  f.;  36,  8 
50,  12  f.;  62,  5;  72,4  f.;  74,  6;  75,  9 

118,  4;  122,  2;  122,  14;  162,  14  f. 
167,  11;  178,  15;  213,  7;  216,  8 
216,  3  f.;  240,  9  f.;  263,  1;216,  14. 

derjenige,  welcher:  Funfter  12, 
3f.;51,  10f.;54,  8;  117,  4f.;  157, 
9  f.;  161,  3  f.;  184,  3. 

jener,  der:  Funfter  60,  6. 

Neuter 
das,  was:  Leben  249,  8  f.;  281, 
3f.;  287,  7f.;  323,  5;  ?>3,?>,  14  f. 
341,  2;  359,  11  f.;  359,  10  f.;  360^ 
6;  376,  7;  387,  1;  387,  5;  387,  15 
397, 12  f.;  406, 3;  406, 10  f.;  407, 13 
429,  15  f.;  432,  5  f.:  433,  7;  445,  9 


Funfter  3,  5f.;  5,  3f.;  8,  6;  12,  7 
13,  9  f.;  17,  5;  22,  7;  29,  11;  34,  9 
35,  9;  39,  9;  42,  7f.;50,  7;  51,  13 

59,  3f.;  61,  2f.;  62,  3f.;  68,  9  f . 
71,  3;  71,  11;  108,  11;  116,  10;  120^ 
5f.;121,4;125,  14;126,  12f.;131 
2;  132,  13;  134,  11  f.;  134,1.1.;  136 
2;  148,  8f.;  149,  14;  149,  12  f. 
149,  6  f.;  166,  12;  173,  1;  175,  6  f. 
181,7;  186,  4  f.;  188,  9  f.;  191,  3  f. 
198,  14;  218,  6;  235,  12  f.;  236,  4 
236,9;237,  llf.;242,  15;  245,  4  f. 
252,  10  f.;  267,  13;  279,  5  f. 

dasjenlge,  was:  Funfter  7,  11; 
61, 10  f.;  146,  8  f. 

dieses,  was:  Funfter  117,  4. 
II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 
alle,  die:  Funfter  23,  2;  30,  5  f. 
anderer,    der:  Funfter   32,    3; 

60,  11  f.;  65,  8;  66,  3;  118,  7;  122, 
6;  133,  8  f.;  137,  2;  269,  4. 

anderer,  welcher:  Funfter  35, 
7f.;35,2f. 

einer,  der:  Funfter  21,  1.1.;  50, 
3;  65,  14  f.;  66,  9. 

einige,  die:  Funfter  35,  10  f. 

jemand,  der:  Leben  265,  6f.; 
294,  6  f. 

die  meisten,  die:  Funfter  121, 
1. 

niemand,  der:  Funfter  75,  7. 

solcher,  der:  Funfter  180,  1.1. 

viele,  die:  Funfter  73,  14  f. 

viele,  welche:  Funfter  17,  9; 
95,3;  146,15. 

Neuter 
alles,    was:  Leben    259,    11  f.; 
263,   1;  321,  10  f.;  333,  5  f.;  340, 


30 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


8;  341,  8f.;  345,  9f.;  352,  2f.; 
356,  10  f.;  358,  9  f.;  360,  9f.:362, 
7;  365,  13;  383,  5;  407,  5;  412, 
4f.;  413,  10;  444,  12;  Fiinfter  23, 
8;  35,  9  f.;  41,  5;  46,  12;  69,  9;  69, 
10f.;97,  14  f.;  107,  8;  130, 1.1.;  149, 
15;  161,  13;  174,  1.1.;  196,  8  f.; 
214, 1.1. 

es,  was:  Leben  315,  4;  Fiinfter 
200,  6  f . 

etwas,  was:  Fiinfter  19,  11  f.; 
150,  9. 

etwas,  das:  Leben  237,  9f.; 
Fiinfter  134, 9. 

das  Ganze,  das:  Fiinfter  158, 
14. 

nichts,  was:  Leben  225,  11; 
Fiinfter  47,  7. 

nichts,  das:  Fiinfter  102,  6; 
151, 12;  223,  6. 

das  wenigste,  was:  Leben  252, 
15  f. 

in.  Personal  Pronouns 

der:  Leben  339,  8  f. ;  368,  15  f. 
401,  15  f.;  423,  14;  442,  12  f. 
Fiinfter  138,  7;  212,  8  f.;  212,  3  f. 
267,  2. 

C.  The  Relatr'e  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  PHRy\SE 

was:  Leben  371,  13;  Fiinfter 
37,  12. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
der:  Funfter  56,  9f.;  96,   11; 

96, 12;  108,  11. 

wer:  Leben  282,  4f.;  284,  14; 
Funfter  11,  1.1.;  65,  14;  66,  3; 
74,  7f.;  215,  7f.;  229,  15  f.;  234, 
12  f.;  235, 13. 

'  DuW  =  Dichtung  und  Wahrheit. 

*  WML  =  Wilhelm  Meisters  Lehrjahre 


wer,  der:  Leben  265,  8;  265 
15;  271,  9  f.;  290,  13;  310,  12;  390 
13;  Fiinfter  3,  7f.;3,  4f.;  11,  3  f. 
24,  14  f.;  25,  8;  32,  10;  56,  4;  65 
6f.-2f.;  68,  15;  104,  6f.;  112,  9 

128,  9;  131,  8;  144,  15;  148,  7  f. 
163,  4;  163,  9;  169,  7f.;  215,  3  f . 
224,  14  f.;  229,  14;  271,  8  f.-7  f. 
273,  5  f.;  281,  9  f. 

GOETHE:      DICHTUNG  UND 
WAHRHEIT,  WILHELIM  MEIS- 
TERS LEHRJAHRE. 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 

was-clauses.  DuW^  48,  14  f.; 
132,9f.;240,  llf.;265,  12f. 

das-clauses.  DuW  46,  7;  59, 
9f.;  63,  7;  88,  5;  89,  2;  135,  3f.; 
WML2  80,  14. 

II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses.     DuW  131,  13  f. 
134,   3f.;    162,    13  f.;    174,    10  f. 
271,  4;  323,  1;  WML  12,  3;  87,  6  f. 

129,  13. 

X    das-  (welches-)  clauses,  no  ex- 
amples. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 

Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  DuW\S,  8;  42,  4;  271, 

12;  291,  7f.;309,  15;  318,  12;  334, 

llf.;335,  4f.;  WML5,  6;42,  10; 

52,  13;  58,  11  f.;  108,  12-14;  118, 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


31 


15;  132,  1;  190,  11  f;  191,  2;  227, 
1.1.;248,  15;296,  15. 

der,  welcher:  DuW  89,  9f.; 
117,  10;215,4f.;328,9. 

derjenige,  der:  DuW  17,  3; 
27,  9;  90,  12;  105,  11  f.;  118,  1; 
120,  3  f.;  154,  11  f.;  165,  12  f.;  215, 
12;  239,  4;  244,  13;  265,  9;  292,  12; 
296,  4f.;  335,  9f.;  WML  191,  1; 
245,9f.;247, 15;248, 14. 

derjenige,  welcher:  DuW  86, 
2  f. ;  199, 14;  321, 9;  WML 39, 14  f.; 
284,  2. 

dieser,  der:  DuW  152,  5f.; 
WML  144,  5  f.;  161,  1;  179,  11  f. 

jener,  der:  DuW  101,  4. 

jener,  welcher:  DuW  148,  9. 

Neuler 

das,  was:  DuW  12,  7;  30,  7  f.; 
44,  6f.;  47,  14;  64,  11  f.;  105,  5; 
131,  13;  136,  2;  142,  6;  175,  1.1.; 
227,  3f.;  228,  13;  278,  9;  288,  6; 
288,  7f.;  311,  7-8;  334,  2;  WML 
12,  12;  16,  11  f.;  25,  7;  30,  11;  34, 
6f.;  46,  7;  54,  2;  55,  7f.;  57,  1; 
57,  12;  126,  2f.;  128,  11;  131,  8; 
133,  9;  168,  6f.;  190,  1.1.;  191,  15; 
192,  8  f.;  215,  14;  263,  9  f.;  299,  12. 

dasjenige,  was:  DuW  12,  6; 
18,  13;  75,  3;  77,  lOf.;  201,  6f.; 
249,  3;  WML  16,  12  f.;  126,  4  f.; 
237,  15. 

dasjenige,  welches:  WML  265, 
15. 

II.  Indefinites 

Masculine  or  Feminine 
anderer,    der:  DuW    103,    6; 
335,  6;  WML  191,  8  f. 


anderer,  welcher:  DuW  74,  4. 
einer,  der:  DuW  103,  2. 
einige,  die:  WML  127,  7. 
der  einzelne,  der:  DuW  230, 

7f. 

jeder,  der:  DuW  194,  4  f.;  310, 
14  f.;  WML  117,  2;  188,  9  f. 

jemand,  der:  DuW  140,  2; 
271, 14  f.;  WML  316, 10. 

Neuier 

alles,  was:  DuW  14,  6;  17, 
4f.;  26,  8f.;  30,  7f.;  37,  4f.;  56, 
31;  85,  7f.;  110,  1;  148,  4;  148, 
11;  154,  6  f.;  169,  4;  171,  10  f.;  199, 
12;  215,  14  f.;  224,  7  f.;  255,  6;  268, 
14;  290,  13  f.;  290,  8f.;  291,  5  f.; 
311,  12;  312,  12;WML7,9f.-8f.; 
188,  2  f. 

anders,  was:  DuW  38,  5f.; 
WML  158,  10. 

anders,  das:  DuW  92,  8. 

eins,  was:  WML  110,  9. 

eins,  das:  WML  229,  6. 

das  einzige,  was:  DuW  99,  8; 
WML  36,  3. 

etwas,  was:  DuW  5,  5;  WML 
266,  8. 

etwas,  das:  WML  49,  12;  203, 
27;  259,  5;  281,  2-3;  302, 11. 

etwas,  welches:  DuW  145,  24. 

das  Ganze,  das:  WML  34,  2  f.; 
81,  3;  152,  8  f. 

manches,  was:  DuW  115,  2. 

das  Meiste,  was:  WML  192, 
15. 

nichts,  was:  DuW  130,  7;  229, 
9;  WML  45,  24;  181,  10. 

das  iibrige,  was:  WML  122,  3. 

vieles,  was:  DuW 38,  14. 


32 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  DuW  94,  14;  95,  2;  190, 
13;  217,  13  f.;  302,  8f.;  WML  19, 
2;  49,  1.1.;  54,  3f.;  128,  2-3;  129, 
12f.;146,  1;205,  11;209,8. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase, 

was:  DuW  48,  9f.;  81,  11  f.; 
170,  2;  WAIL  27,4  f. 

welches:  DuW  5,  8f.;  12,  2; 
27,  4  f.;  43,  14;  107,  5  f.;  109,  13  f.; 
130,  13  f.;  134,  14;  136,  7;  141,  11; 
142,  5f.;  155,  11  f.;  169,  4f.;  192, 
14f.;226,  9f.;227,  8f.;234,  12  f.; 
252,  5;  256,  14;  274,  5;  277,  1.1.; 
282,  2;  333,  14;  337,  5;  WML  28, 
4;  251,  3  f. 

was  betriift:  DuW  8,  5;  47,  4; 
144,  6;  202,  5f.;  229,  1;  230,  1.1.; 
243,  10  f.;  257,  5f.;  265,  2f.; 
WML  190,  1. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
der:  WML  248,  6;  248,  9. 
wer:  DuW    19,    4f.;    129,    3; 

129,  12;  246,  10;  325,  8f.;  WML 
17,  6  f.;  80,  12  f.;  127,9;  131,  8  f.- 
4f.;220,  13;225,  13. 

wer  da:  WML  149,  4  f. 

GOTTSCHED:  VERSUCH  LIN- 
ER CRITISCHEN  DICHT- 
KUNST 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 
I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-clauses,  no  example. 
das-  (welches-)   clauses,    das- 
clause:  190,  17  f.  Welches-clauses: 


165,  6  f.;  183,  12  f.;  413,  3;  413,  6  f 
so-clauses.  162, 14  f.;  170,  16  f. 

170,  1.1.;  173,  8f.;  176,  5;  177,  18 

177,  20;  183,  17;  368,  4;  378,  7  f. 

698,  15;  700,  12. 

II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses.     157,   3;    157,    5; 

647,  5  f.;  721,  9  f. 

Welches-clause.     711,  13. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masailine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  81,  2f.;  92,  1.1.;  102, 
16  f.;  110,  6f.;  116,  11;  122,  18 
181,  8;  210,  13;  220,  10;  278,  9  f. 
323,  13;  338,  llf.;  356,  19  f. 
452,  4;  546,  17;  575,  10;  575,  17 
638,  15;  653,  2f.;  664,  llf.;  729, 
8  f.;  730, 4. 

der,  welcher:  118,  16;  520,  6; 
615,  llf. 

der,  so:  125,  6;  338,  17;  615, 
14;618,  15;701,  16  f. 

derjenige,  der:  Intr.  3b,  13 
Intr.  7b,  8;  91,  15;  99,  5  f.;  118,  4 
120,  13;  128,  3;  129,  18  f.;  155,  6 
206,  14  f.;  208,  llf.;  272,  12;  327 
2f.;  328, 9 f.; 349,6;  520,17;  547,12 
547,  9  f.;  616,  17  f.;  649,  8  f . 
691,  2;  700,  13;  718,18;  732,  12  f 

derjenige,  so:  Intr.  7b,  llf. 
68,  12;  88,  16  f.;  119,  6  f.;  171,  7  f. 
654,  12, 

Xcutcr 
das,  was:  Intr.  7a,  13  f.;  Intr. 
7b,  7  f.;  80,  7;  83,  15;  93,  15f.;97, 
6;  121,  13;  123,  11;  124,  17  f.;  126, 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


33 


13  f.;  133,  8f.;  139,  2f.;  143,  2  f . 
170,  5f.;  172,  1;  174,  11;  177,  13 
187,  14;  191,  18;  194,  3;  206,  15  f. 
210, 5;  215, 12  f.;  240, 18;  253, 12  f. 
254,  13;  257,  15£.;  259,  18;  260 
7f.;  260,  6f.;  281,  5;  301,  5;  324 
17;  324,  8f.;  325,  14;  328,  18  f. 
328,  17  f.;  346,  14;  418,  15;  438 
9f.;  438,  5f.;  440,  2f.;  440,  l.l. 
576,  12  f.;  609,  10;  610,  15  f. 
615,  11;  650,  1;  664,  9f.;  668,  1.1. 
671,  16;  699,  4f.;  700,  1;  704 
7f.;  715,  17;  717,  2;  717,  3f.;  720 
7  f.;  735, 14. 

dasjenige,  was:  Intr.  2b,  10  f. 
Intr.  5b,  10  f.;  Intr.  7a,  7;  90,  3 
92,  12;  126,  12  f.;  129,  7;  133,  l.l. 
149,  8;  163,  14;  184,  llf.;  188 
8;  216,  14;  235,  6;  273,  8f.;  329 
5;  368,  12;486,  2;662,  5;688,  8f. 

dasjenige,  so:  69,  12  f.;  141, 
7  f.;  302,  8;  517,  10. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,  die:  Intr.  3a,  6f.;  Intr. 
5b,  8;  88,  17  f.;  93,  9;  110,  1.1.; 
125,  5;  321,  4  f. 

anderer,  der:  69,  1;  131,  13- 
14;  215,  18  f.;  284,  6;  293,  9;  327, 
4f.;338,  7  f.;  379,  8;  639,8;  698, 
2f.;704,4f. 

anderer,  so:  317,  18;  676,  12  f. 

einer,  der:  138,  17;  160,  14; 
208,  5  f.;  241,  14;  303,  1;  670,  15  f.; 
704,  12. 

der  einzige,  der:  124,  10  f.; 
718,  17  f. 

etliche,  die:  572,  1. 

jeder,  der:  121,  6f.;  152,  3  f.; 


242,  5  f.;  329,  2;  442,  13;  726,  14. 

jemand,  der:  153,  9f.;  227, 
17;653,  7f.;704,  11;704,  7f. 

keiner,  der:  266,  4. 

niemand,  der:  116,  14  f.;  324, 
2;  325,  7;  704, 15  f. 

solcher,  der:  264,  11. 

die  iibrigen,  die:  666,  4. 

viele,  die:  153,  7;  657,  14  f. 

wenige,  die:  717,  16  f. 

Neuter 

alles,  was:  Intr.  2b,  16  f.;  Intr. 
3a,  6;  Intr.  4a,  14;  125,  16;  140,  14 
162,  15;  162,  16;  173,  17;  179,  16 
199,  8;  206,  13;  217,  3f.;  217,  2  f. 
225,  11;  240,  15;  264,  16  f.;  278 
15  f.;  324,  12  f.;  347,  10;  547,  6 
578,  13;  580,  4;  614,4  f.;  640,  18  f. 
643,  16  f.;  647,  9;  654,  12  f.;  654 
7f.;659, 12f.;661,  14f.;672,  16f. 
678,  10;  712,  2  f.;  731,  17  f. 

alles,  so:  479,  12  f. 

anders,  welches:  296,  17. 

anders,  so:  676,  10  f. 

das  einzige,  so:  586,  13. 

es,  was:  343,  9  f. 

etwas,  das:  114,  7;  181,  9;  611, 
11  f.;  729,  7  f. 

etwas,  was:  129,  6  f.;  238,  3  f.; 
617,  15;  660, 1.1. 

etwas,  welches:  299,  13  f.;  517, 
1.1. 

etwas,  so:  94,  18;  129,  12;  324, 
17  f. 

manches,  so:  321,  10. 

nichts,  was:  Intr.  7b,  15;  85, 
11;  120,  13  f.;  120,  12  f.;  126,  8; 
678,  11;  702,7  f. 


34 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


das   iibrige,   was:  83,   6;    179, 

14  f.;  329,  11. 

viel,  was:  128,9;  191,  4  f.;  348, 
13. 

viel,  welches:  99,  17. 
viel,  so:  85,  7. 
das  wenige,  was:  153,  6  f. 
III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  208,  6;  243,  3. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 

was:  206,  14  f. 

welches:  69,  7f.;  93,  8;  95,  4; 
96,  13  f.;  128,  1;  167,  3;  169,  3; 
169,  6;  170,  6f.;  177,  11  f.;  183, 
3;  204,  9  f.;  225,  1;  240,  16  f.;  244, 
2;  244,  14;  244,  17  f.;  261,  18;  267, 
5f.;  274,  6;  274,  10;  291,  3;  301, 
16  f.;  333,  4;  353,  5;  358,  14;  360, 
17;  365,  5;  373,  8  f.;  411,  18  f.;  443, 
15;  447,  18;  477,  14;  546,  3  f.;  548, 

13  f.;  576,  3;  579,  17;  653,  4;  663, 
6;  667,  10  f.;  677,  13  f.;  688,  8f.; 
697,  14;  699,  2  f.;  704,  8  f.;  705,  15; 
707,5. 

was  anlangt  (betrifft) :  Intr.  4a, 
8f.;  85,  5;  89,  4;  94,  2;  140,  12; 
168,  8;  185,  6f.;  214,  11  f.;  222, 
1;  333,  11  f.;  357,  1;  364,  13  f.; 
367,  13  f.;  376,  14;  573,  12  f.;  650, 

15  f.;  672,  10  f.;  725,  14  f.;  726,  1. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
der:  168,    1.1.;    225,    13;    411, 

4f.;514,  15;520,  9f.;616,  9;652, 
6. 

welcher:  577,  17  f. 

wer:  100,  14  f.;  515,  7. 

wer,  der:  93,  14;  94,  12  f.;  100, 

14  f.;  105,  8;  114,  7  f.;  116,  15;  120, 


16  f.;  140,  5  f.;  142,  7;  147,3;  160 
11;  160,  16;  160,  14  f.;  171,  12;  174 
6;  175,  6f.;  177,  9;  181,  1;  194,  2 
209,  16;  238,  11;  247,  14;  256,  15  f. 
266,  9-13;  275,  1;  290,  6  f.;  295,  15 
295,  17;  328,  1;  340,  2;  349,  10 
349,  12;  446,  16  f.;  452,  18 
452,  17  f.;  482,7;  485,2  f.,518 
15;  549,  3;  550,  16;  550,  2f.;  576 
3f.;  578,  10;  582,  11  f.;  582,  6  f . 
585,  14;  610,  8f.;  665,  7f.;  665, 
5  f.;  666,  5;  670,  4  f.;  685, 1.1. ;  689, 
7f.;713,9f.;  729,  5  f.;  735,  3  f. 

GRIMMELSHAUSEN:  SIMPLI- 
CISSIMUS 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 

tive Category 

was-clauses,  no  example. 
das-    (welches-)     clauses,     no 
example. 

so-clause.     275,  2. 

II.  The  Superlative  Cate- 
gory, no  example. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  19,  10  f.;  54,  12  f.; 
70,  13;  120,  7f.;  151,  8  f.;  196,  20; 
197,  7;  199,  13;  223,  11;  259,  16  f. 

der,  welcher:  120,  6f. ;  144, 
14;  153,  5;  196,  16  f.;  216,  4;  283, 
16. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


35 


der,  so:  45,  9f.;  52,  16  f.;  70, 
13;  80,  6f.;  97,  16  f.;  99,  11;  155, 
1;  187,  2  f.;  265,  5. 

derjenige,    der:  55,    16  f.;    67, 

5f.;  108,5;  109,  18  f.;  111,4;  118, 
7f.;  118,  3f.;  120,  16  f.;  121,  7; 
126,  1;  152,  16;  155,  18  f.;  163,  16; 
172,  19  f.;  177,  6;  195,  18  f.;  196, 
3f.;  199,  10;  200,  14;  208,  10  f.; 
211,  9;  237,  9  f.;  243,  15;  243,  18  f.; 
255, 13  f.;  263, 1.1.;  264,  6. 

derjenige,  welcher:      177,   15; 

265,  2. 

derjenige,  so:  11,  17;  42,  11  f.; 

46,  15;  114, 1.1. ;  119,8  f.;  128,  14  f.; 
139,  2P;  176,8  f.;  190,  4;  206,  16  f.; 
211,5;212,4;226,  19;283,  17f. 

derselbige,  der:  258,  2  f. 

dieser,  so:  104,  15;  140,  7  f . 

Neuter 

das,  was:  8,  8;  98,  11  f.;  140, 
13;  147,  2;  148,  9;  72,  10;  74,  9; 
154,  19;  156,  15  f.;  171,  7;  174,  1; 
181,  18;  195,  8f.;  213,  4f.;  222, 
17  f.;  224,   11;  228,  2;  247,  7  f.; 

266,  8;  271,  3  f. 
das,  das:  83,  2  f. 

das,  so:  96,  7;  128,  7;  286,  7. 

dasjenige,  was:  8,  6;  27,  5; 
158,  1.1.;  224,  13  f.;  235,  15;  249, 
16  f. 

dasjenige,  das:  61,  7  f.;  74,  11; 
94,  7;  195,  11;  244,  17. 

dasjenige,  dasz:  64,  3;  258,  17. 
dasjenige,  welches:  152,  12  f. 
dasjenige,  so:  85,  12. 


II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

andere,  die:  120,  3;  131,  16  f.; 
136,  14  f.;  220,  20;  231,  7f.;  261, 
7f. 

andere,  so:  246,  18. 

dergleichen,  die:  157,9. 

einer,  der:  9,  15;  34,  4f.;  117, 
18;  124,  10  f.;  130,  11  f.;  173,  10; 
175,  18;  185,  4f.;  192,  14;  222, 
1.1.;  243, 19. 

einer,  welcher:  74, 18  f.;  139, 9. 

einer,  so:  147,  8. 

etiiche,  die:  54,  9;  63,  14;  144, 
8;  263,  3  f. 

etiiche,  welche:  54,  10;  283,  12. 

etiiche,  so:  74,  17  f. 

jemand,  der:  242,  17;  243,  17. 

keiner,  der:  98,  1;  222,  5;  237, 
1.1. ;  259,  13  f. 

mancher,  der:  236,  12;  282, 
10  f. 

mehr,  die:  145,  8  f. 

mehr,  welche:  76, 16  f. 

niemand,  der:  18,  9;  28,  18; 
70,  7;  70,  19;  86,  5f.;  201,  14  f.- 
13  f.;  262,  20. 

viele,  die:  48,  19  f.;  70,8;  164, 
12. 

wenige,  die:  44,  7, 

Neuter 

alles,  was:  27,  9f.;  58,  5;  73, 
9f.;  76,  5f.;  78,  18  f.;  96,  19  f.; 
93,  20;  103,  14;  104,  8;  107,  7; 
112,  18  f.;  113,  2f.;  123,  9  f.;  123, 
3f.;  129,  4f.;  165,  10  f.;  199,  2f.; 
216,8. 

alles,  das:  282,  2  f . 

es,  was:  114,  13;  118,  16  f. 


36 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


etwas,  das:  123,  7;  215,  15  f.; 
220,  8  f.;  253,  9;  255, 3;  264, 12. 

etwas,  so:  91,  2;  256,  18  f. 

mehr.das:  19,  18  f. 

nichts,  das:  125,  17  f.;  237, 
13  f.;  237,  11  f. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  85,  10. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phr-ase. 
das:  249,  2  f.;  270,  5  f. 
so:  29,  18;  140,  1.1.;  226,  10 f.; 
251,    15  f.;    252,   5f.;    269,    11  f.; 
278,  13;  282,  17  f.;  286,  15;  271,  7. 

was:  195,  13  f.;  148,  15  f.;  152, 
8f. 

welches:  10,  14;  11,  19;  16,  14; 
18,  19;  25,  5f.;  29,  16;  30,  15;  30, 
9f.;31,  3f.;45,  14  f.;  46,  9  f.;  47, 
1 ;  48, 4;  48, 15  f.;  58, 5f.; 63, 19;  72, 
8f.;  73,  13;  74,  18;  76,  18;  80,  15; 
82,  2f.;  89,  1;  95,  3;  97,  6;  101, 
4f.;  102,  17;  104,  8f.;  108,  10; 
109,  17;  114,  5;  116,  15;  120,  19; 
132,  12  f.;  133,  9f.;  133,  5  f.;  135, 
6f.;  136,  19  f.;  138,13;  138,  18  f; 
143,  2;  143,  15  f.;  149,  13  f.;  151, 
1;  157,  10  f.;  158,  13;  161,8;  164, 
16  f.;  168,  6f.;  169,  8f.;  179,  8; 
181,  14  f.;  183,  2f.;  184,  8f.;  185, 
8;  192,  16  f.;  199,  1.1.;  203,  6;  218, 
1.1.;  222,  6  f.;  223,  6;  234,  20;  234, 
13  f.;  235,  10  f.;  236,  19  f.;  238, 
9;  240,  8  f.;  241,  15;  260,  6  f.;  272, 
2f. 

was  anbelanjjet  (anbelangt,  an- 
belange,  angelanget):  167,4;  184, 
13  f.;  196,  13;  244,  6;  252,  18;  268, 
2;  279, 14. 


D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 

der:  66,  7;  70,  12;  70,  15;  186, 
14  f.;  201,  11  f. 

der  da:  283,20. 

welcher:  45,  15  f.;  46,  1;  188, 
18;258,  5f.;258,  3f. 

wer:  92,  5;  122,  13. 

wer,  der:  33,  10 f.;  67,  17;  75, 
9f.;  146,9;  153,4;  154,  19;  228,  3; 
231,91 

wer,  derselbe:  152,  11  f. 

HAGEDORN:  BETRACHTUNG- 
EN  UBER  DIE  MAHLEREY 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  positive-compara- 
tive Category 
was-clauses,  no  example. 
das-  (welches-)    clauses,    das- 
clauses:  15,  6;  49,  1.1.;  89,  14;  191, 
6;  392,  N2,  5;   394,  8.     welches- 
clause:    347,3. 

II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses.    91,  7;  460,  4  f. 
das-    (welches-)     clauses,     no 
example. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 
der,  der:  87,  2;  200,  13;  207, 
13;  220,  12  f.;  307,  14;  318,  4. 

derjenige,  der:  Intr.  14,  13; 
16,  N,  4;  55,  3;  72,  14;  85,  6f.; 
99,  N,  5;  104,  N2,  1;  105,  N, 
7;     111,     6    f.;     135,     12;     136, 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


37 


3;  190,  7  f.;  211,  7;  234,  5f.;  234, 
2f.;282,  N,  7;  323,  N,  3;  326,  12; 
338,  3f.;  340,  7f.;  399,  5  f.;  405, 
10;  432,  9  f.;  467,  N2,  2. 

derjenige,  welcher:  Intr.  10, 
10;  Intr.  15,  1;  5,  5f.;  194,  2f.; 
346,  3  f.;  358,  7;  451,  11. 

derjenige,  so:  60,  7  f. 
Neuter 

das,  was:  Intr.  14,  6f. ;  6,  13; 
19,  10 f.;  117,  N2,  10;  141,  7;  231, 
10;  289,  5  f.;  304,8;  343, 13  f.;  357, 
11;  379,  1;465,  6f. 

dasjenige,  was:  Intr.  4,  5 ;  Intr. 
9,4;  Intr.  15,  12;  26,  9f.;  61,  6  f . 
84,  8;  110,  9;  114,  8f.;  118,  9  f . 
121,  3;  138,  N,  2;  156,  8;  160,  12 
162,  41;  169,  8f.;  171,  5;  176 
5f.;  176,  4f.;  189,  8f.;  189,  3  f . 
195,  N,  5;  197,  10;  201,  N,  10 
253,  5f.;  256,  1;  271,  7;  289,  2  f . 
290,  10;  299,  4f.;  311,  1.1.;  321,  7 
343,  6f.;  364,  N,  4;  403,  N,  6 
423,4;423,  7f.;434,  11;460,  7f. 

dasjenige,  das:  492,  10. 
II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,die:  96,  N,  1.1. 

anderer,  der:  433,6. 

anderer,  welcher:  198,  N2,  3; 
465,  5. 

einige,  welche:  239,  1. 

jedermann,  der:  194,  5. 

keiner,  der:  104,  6. 

mancher,  der:  64,  2. 

viele,  die:  109,  3  f. 

Neuter 
alles,  was:  Intr.  16,  6;  8,  11; 
12,  10;  18,  8;  24,  12  f.;  110,8;  150, 

iBr.  =  Briefe. 


3;  175,  11  f.;  177,  6;  184,  3;  186, 
7;  436, 4;  477,  13;  490, 1.1. 

es,  was:  492, 13. 

etwas,das:  280,9;  336, 10. 

das  Ganze,  das:  150,  11;  302, 
2  f.;  336,  5. 

das  Ganze,  welches:  161,  N,  7. 

nichts,  was:  162,  13  f.;  189, 
6  f.;  405,  9. 

nichts,  das:  157, 14. 

vieles,  das:  251,  8. 

das  wenige,  das:  23, 10. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  135,  2;  393,  7. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 

was:  75,  8  f.;  462,  8. 
welches:  71,  12  f.;  291,  6;  330, 
2. 

was  betrift:  343,  5. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
wer:  11,  3;  40,  1;  41,  lOf.;  41, 

7f.;  49,  13;  49,  13  f.;  83,  9;  105, 
N,2;107,N,  1;172, 11;178,N2, 1; 
234,  5  f.;  264,  6  f.;  268,  11;  276,8; 
284,  7f.;329,  10;  333,  5  f.;  418,  1. 

wer,  der:  60,  9  f.;  122,  2;  229, 
12;334,2f;403,3f.;419,7. 

HALLER:     BRIEFE,  ALFRED, 
FABIUS  UND  CATO 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-clauses,  no  example, 
das-clauses.     Br.^  55,  4f.;  94, 
3. 


38 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses,  no  example, 
das-clauses,  no  example. 
B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  Br.  18,  11;  101,  12; 
114,  1.1.;  161,  8f.;  176,  5f.;  184, 
8f.;  Alf.'93,  2;  121,  7;  134,  4f.; 
159,  5  f. 

derjenige,  der:  Br.  14,  1;  16, 
6;  16,  6f.;  21,  7f.;  22,  5;  24,  1.1. 
26,  6f.;  71,  4f.;  90,  5;  94,  7  f . 
108,3  f.;  Ill,  11  f.;  113,8;  113,8  f. 
113,  4f.;  119,  5f.;  120,  5;  135,  4 
139,  6  f.;  142,  11;  156,8;  158,  2  f . 
159,  1;  163,  6f.;  164,  10;  173,  6 
179,  7f.;  179,  2f.;  180,  3f.;  186 
4;Alf.  19,  6  f.;  39,  8;  62,  4;  68, 1.1. 
91,  6;  94,  9;  105,  3  f.;  106,3;  113 
2f.;  125,1.1.;  142,  11;  143,  2;  143 
8;  143,1.1.;  149,8;  155,3;  155,1.1. 
159,  6  f.;  199,  4  f.;  202,  11  f.;  Fab. 
19,  9f.;  29,  4;  41,  6f.;  44,  8  f . 
55,9;59,N,5f.;62,  1;73,  lOf. 

derjenige,  war:  Alf.  105,  11  f. 

jener,  der:  Br.  44,  7. 

Neuter 

das,  was:  Br.  86,  5;  135,  7f.; 
Alf.  162,  4;  179,  5;  Fab.  30,2  f. 

dasjenige,  was:  Br.  30,  9;  30, 
10;  38,  3;  38,  3  f.;  39,  9;  39,  11  f; 
41,  8;  68,  5  f.;  75,  6;  108,  7  f.;  174, 
7;  Alf.  Intr.  8,  5  f.;  Intr.  8,  4  f.;  42, 
4;58,5;82, 1;  Fab.  21,8  f. 

'  Alf.  =  Alfred. 

*  Fab.  =  Fabius  und  Cato. 


dasjenige,  das:  Br.  40,  2;  137, 
11;  173,  7  f. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,die:  Br.  54,  5  f. 

einer,  der:  Fab.  44,  11. 

der  einzelne,  der:  Alf.  131,  1.1. 

der  einzige,  der:  Alf.  23,  9f.; 
Fab.  36,  11. 

jeder,  der:  Br.  106,  4f.;  156, 
ll;Alf.  56,  4f. 

niemand,  der:  Br.  93,  1;  136, 
4;  173,  4;  191,  1.1.;  Alf.  25,  1;  48, 
10  f.;  86,  6. 

die  wenigen,  die:  Fab.  66,  6  f. 
Neuter 

alles,  was:  Br.  61,  5f.;  102, 
8f.;  122,  3f.;  Alf.  26,  7;  48,  12; 
82,  2f.;  100,  2;  100,  12;  104,  8f.; 
Fab.  14,  8;  54,  11;  71,  3. 

es,  was:  Br.  13,  10. 

etwas,  das:  Br.  167, 4. 

nichts,  was:  Fab.  32,  8  f. 

nichts,  das:  Alf.  70,  2f.;  92, 
6;  Fab.  47,  12. 

das  iihrige,  was:  Fab.  41,  3  f. 

das  wenige,  was:  Br.  85,  5; 
Alf.  180,  6. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 

der:  Br.  57,  11  f.;  60,  11;  69, 
5f.;  112,  2;  113,  10;  127,  10;  140, 
4f.;  140,  3f.;  151,  2f.;  159,  6f.; 
Alf.  54,  5;  83,  2;  100,  1.1.;  120,  1.1.; 
132,  9f.;  134,  7;  210,  12;  Fab.  68, 
5. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 

(no  example) 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


39 


D.  The  Indefinite  Relatives 
der:  Br.  16,  11  f.;  108,  12;  108, 

llf.;Alf.  66,  11;212,  7f. 

wer:  Br.  16,  2f.;  140,  8;  159, 

7;  192,  3;  Alf.  40,  10;  47,  11;  94, 

10;  99,  1.1.;  126,  5;  129,  5;  186,  11 

(twice);  186,   12;  186,  10 f.;  Fab. 

Intr.  4,  3. 

wer,  der:  Br.  38,  2f.-l.l.;  48, 

10 f.;  49,  1;  98,  8f.;  140,  11;  Alf. 

47,  12;  94,  6;  131,  11  f.;  Fab.  60, 

10. 

HERDER:  KRITISCHE  WAL- 
DER,  ZERSTREUTE  BLAT- 
TER 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-clauses.     KW^  266,  9;  273, 
12f.;II,  235,9f.;ZBM59,8. 

das-  (welches-)  clauses,  das- 
clauses:  KW  171,  10;  183,  9f.; 
183,  3f.;  203,  4;  II,  9,  lOf.;  158, 
I.I.;  187,  1.1.;  ZB  133,  9;  134,  4f.; 
145,3.  welches-clauses:  KW  184, 
4;  ZB  130,  3  f. 

II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clause.     KW  117,  11  f. 
das-  (welches-)  clauses,  no  ex- 
ample. 

B.  The  Relative  after  Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 

Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  KW  25,  6  f.;  46,  14  f.; 

72,   1;   139,  9;   169,  3f.;   249,  9; 

251,  9;  II,  43,  10  f.;  52,  14  f.;  59, 

'KW  =  Kritische  Walder. 
»ZB  =  Zerstreute  Blatter. 


10  f.;  84,  10  f.;  142,  5  f.;  154,  1; 
156,  13  f.;  158,  7;  184,  10  f.;  188, 
2f.;  206,  8f.;  216,  9f.;  240,  8f.; 
245,  8f.;  248,  12;  259,  9;  ZB  114, 
N,  1;303,  7f.;410,9f. 

der,  so:  KW  139,  1;  246,  5  £.; 
II,  18,  4  f. 

derjenige,  der:  KW  237,  3f.; 
ZB  116,  1. 

dieser,  der:  KW  11,  14  f.;  II, 
172,6f.;ZB313,3. 

Neuter 
das,  was:  KW  9,   10;  23,  11; 
102,  3f.;  127,  4f.;  134,  11  f.;  134, 
3f.;  146,  10;  157,  11  f;  197,  6f.; 

198,  9f.;  199,  8;  210,7;  260,  4f.; 
II,  20,  5;  36,  7;  89,  11;  111,4;  112, 
6f.;  166,  9;  170,  6f.;  183,  4;  184, 
12;  194,  3f.;  195,  14;  204,  2;  ZB 
117,  3f.;  119,  6f.;  148,  8f.;  149, 
7;  295,  11;  349,  7  f.;  352,  4  f.;  383, 
9  f.;  408,  2. 

das,  das:  KW  II,  195,1.1. 
das,dasz:  KW8,  lOf. 
dasselbe,  was:  KWIO,  9f. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,  die:  KW  II,  19,  3;  91,  6  f. 

einer,  der:  KW  II,  28,  14  f.; 
29,  9;  226,  5;  226,  6. 

der  einzige,  der:  ZB  166,  4; 
311,  N,  2. 

jeder,  der:  KW  36,  llf.;  41, 
8f.;  143,  11;  ZB  148,  4  f.;  408,  8  f.; 
408, 1.1. 

jemand,  der:  KW  II,  262,  12. 

keiner,  der:  KW  II,  91,  5f.; 

199,  12  f. 


40 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


manche,  die:  XW  195,  1. 

niemand,  der:  KW  181,  2f.; 
ZB  394, 1.1. 

solcher,  der:  KW  31,  10  f.; 
59,  4  f . 

wenige,  die:  KW  II,  211,  12  f. 

Neuter 

alles,  was:  KW  20,  1;  35,  3; 
37,  3  f.;  69,  14;  79,6;  121,5;  129, 
7f.;  150,  5f.;  206,  6f.;  255,  10; 
273,  4  f.;  277,  llf.;II,  10,  14;  10, 
13f.;14,5f.;187,  13;ZB119,  2f.; 
305,  2  f.;  349,  10;  418,  7  f.;  419,  7. 

eins,  das:  KWII,  210,  8. 

eins,wa8:  KW  13,  7;  96,  7. 

daseinzige,  was:  ZB400, 3f. 

es,  was:  KW  11,  5  f.;  II,  235, 
6f. 

etwas,  was:  KW  75,  2;  II,  29, 
14;  133,  9  f.;  229,  10  f. 

etwas,  das:  KW  67,  5;  171, 
13  f.;  183, 10. 

das  Ganze,  das:  KW  202,  10 f. 

jedes,  was:  KW  II,  141,  7  f. 

mancherley,  das:  ZB  383,  7  f. 

manches,  was:  KW  90,  1;  257, 
13. 

manches,  das:  ZB  339,  3. 

nichts,  was:  KW  21,  3  f. ; 
253,4  f.;  273,  11;  273,  9  f.;  273, 
7f.;  II,  45,  3;  143,  6f.;  182,  7; 
ZB357,9. 

nichts,  das:  KWII,  184,7. 

\4el,  was:  KW  135,  7  f. 

das  wenigste,  das:  KW  II,  146, 
4f. 

III.  Personal  Pronouns 
der:  KW  8,  8f.-7f.;  12,  10  f.; 
51,  8f.;  142,  7;  143,  8;  148,  6f.; 


169,  5  f. ;  II,  165,  2  f . ;  189, 8  f. ;  190, 
12;  228,  2 ;  ZB  407,  6  f.;  407, 1.1. 

C.  The  Relative  atter  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 

das:  KW127,  11. 

was:  KW  206,  7f.;  II,  25,  12; 
150,  6  f.;  219,  12;  ZB  170, 1. 

welches:  KW  80,  8;  101,  2; 
11,35,  7f.;ZB314,5. 

was  betrifft  (anbetrifft,  anbe- 
trift):  KW  38,  7f.;  84,  14;  II, 
26,  1;  78,  2  f.;  87,  14. 

D.  The    Indefinite    Relatives 
der:  KW  179,  3;  179,  5;  193, 

13  f.;  II,  139,  8  f.  (four  times);  178, 
6;  178,  8;  178,  9;  178,  10;  ZB  405, 
3  f.;  410,  11. 

wer:  KW  73,  10;  125,  6  f.;  158, 
13;  233,  5;  250,  9;  II,  12,  7;  22,3  f.; 
65,  3  f.;  132,2;  145,  12  f.;  152,  9  f.; 
153,  3f.;  154,  9;  161,  1.1.;  162,  10; 
166,  9f.;  173,  9f.;  189,  2;  205,  1; 
206,  13  f.;  230,  6;  ZB  146,  10;  368, 
1;390,  2f. 

wer,  der:  KW  15,  14;  222,  5  f.; 
II,  13,  12;  14,  14;  16,  1;  32,  13  f.; 
53,  9  f.;  72,  13;  161,  9f.;  220,  6f.; 
240,  3;  240,  8;  244,  4;  255,  3  f.;  ZB 
150, 1.1.;  405,  7  f. 
LESSING:  DER  LAOKOON, 

MISS   SARA  SAMPSON, 

PHILOTAS,     EMILIA     GA- 

LOTTI 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantr^zed  Adjectr'es 
I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-clauses,  no  examples. 
das-   (welches-)  clauses,     das- 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


41 


clauses:  L^  83,  30;  128,  25;  149, 
27.  Welches-clauses:  L  4,  19;  135, 
18;143,29;170,  21;304,  24. 

II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses.     L  27,  34;  33,  11; 
77,  34;  157,  4;  MSS^  117,  4;  P^ 
220,  8  f.;  £0^275,7. 

das-clause.    MSS  148,  2. 
B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 
I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 
der,  der:  L  30,  23;  45,  18;  MSS 
20,  81;  51,  12;  56,  2;  93,  8;  108, 
2f.;  124,9;  125,  1;  149,3;  170,6; 
P  193,  9f.;  202,  6f.;  EG  244,  11; 
313,  6  f. 

der,  welcher:  L  154,  29;  154, 
30;  162,  11;  MSS  24,  3f.;  27,  I.I.; 
119,6. 

derjenige,  der:  L  24,  24;  31, 
7;  33,  17;  33,  20;  101,  30;  MSS 
141,8f.;167,  l;P207,2f. 

derjenige,  welcher:  L  28,  35; 
51,24;  161,  1;  167,  17;  MSS  90,  7; 
132, 11  f. 

Neuter 
das,  was:  L  21,  9;  52,  5;  52 
7;  57,  12;  68,  16;  70,  37;  71,  28;  74 
6;  75,  13;  78,  25;  84,  15;  87,  5 
88,  3;  89,  27;  102,  2;  102,  6;  105 
6;  106,  22;  112,  28;  113,  19;  114 
23;  114,  24;  115,  2;  116,  16;  116 
18;  119,  1;  120,  13;  121,  35;  123 
18;131, 18;135,2;135,  23;136,  11 
136,  13;  137,  6;  146,  14;  162,  23 
165,  45;  167,  3;  173,  15;  MSS  22 
3;  29,  5f.;  85,  9f.;  108,  5;  108,  8 


109,  8f.;  165,  10;  P  199,  9;  199, 
11  f.;  EG  243,  6;  249,  1.1.;  256,  10; 
277,  4;  334,  3  f. 

dasjenige,  was:  L  20,  21;  MSS 
20,  12  f.;  60,5  f.;  139,4  f. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,  die:  L  159,  24;  166,  16. 

anderer,  der:  EG  338,  8  f. 

einer,  der:  EG  252,  9  f.;  341,  1. 

einer,  welcher:  P  194,  6  f. 

einlge,  die:  L  155, 18. 

der  einzige,  der:  L  155,  32; 
MSS  131,  7  f. 

der  einzige,  welcher:  L  38,  11. 

jeder,der:  L99, 14. 

mehrere,  welche:  MSS  140, 1.1. 

niemand,  der:  L  82,  19;  116, 
22. 

solcher,  welcher:  MSS  93,  10. 
Neuter 

alles,  was:  L  5,  1;  5,  2;  5,  27; 
22,  15;  41,  21;  54,  20;  68,  6;  82,  4; 

110,  36;  114,  34;  115,  23;  127,  22; 
128,  29;  166,  31;  167,  5;  MSS  13, 
8f.;22,  2;40,  7f.;47,  8;67,  7;69, 
9;  80,  2;  135,  4;  138,  10;  138,  1.1. ; 
161,  4  f.;  166,  10  f.;  169,  8;  P  199, 
12;  204,  7f.;  205,  9;  207,  12;  211, 
3;  211,  9f.;  EG  240,  9;  257,  11  f.; 
257,  10 f.;  286,  10;  312,  5f.;  313, 
8f.;361,  3f.;376,9f. 

anders,  was:  L33,  15. 

das  einzige,  das:  L  115,  24. 

das  einzige,  was:  L  29,  15;  33, 
28;  EG  276, 1. 

es,  was:  L  21,  23;  117,  22;;143, 
4;  147,16;  161,  22;  166, 28;  MSS  62, 


'  L  =  Laokoon. 
3P  =  Philotas. 


^  MSS  =  Miss  Sara  Sampson, 
♦  EG  =  Emilia  Galotti. 


42 


GERMAN  RELATIMSS  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


7f.;  79,  6f.;  81,  6f.;  82,  12;  EG 
326,  10 f.;  333,  11  f.;  357,  12;  361, 
10;  364,  7;  372,4  f. 

etwas,  was:  L  84,  31;  MSS  155, 
9;  EG  373,  1. 

etwas,  das:  L  119,  30;  167, 
27;MSS108,  llf.;EG341,8. 

etwas,  welches:  L  146,  13;  169, 
21. 

das  Ganze,  das:  L  49,  33. 

das  mehrere,  welches:  L  163, 
18. 

nichts,  was:  L  21,  6;  62,  16; 
77,  29;  MSS  98,  2;  106,  10;  EG 
283,  5  f. 

nichts,  das:  EG  247,  9  f. 

vieles,  was:  L  147,  22. 
III.  Personal  Pronouns 

der:  L  80,  4;  129,  6;  MSS  1(M, 
8;  110,  7;  175,  10;  P  226,  6;  EG 
242,  8;  252,  2;  254,  7;  254,  9;  267, 
11;  270,  10;  276,  4;  315,  I.I.;  348, 
6f. 

welcher:  L  148,  11. 

C.  The  Relative  after  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 

was:  P  213,  3. 

welches:  L  9,  25;  82,  34;  85, 
37;  169, 33. 

was  betrifft  (anbelangt):  L  70, 
11;  MSS  45,  7  f.;P  217,  8. 

D.  The   Indefinite   Relatives 
wer:  L  71,   22;   101,   25;   102, 

16;  104,  15;  174,  3;  P  199,  8;  202, 
7  f. ;  EG  362, 1;  362,  2. 

der:  L  72,  22;  MSS  13,  4  f.;  88, 
6;  EG  264,  6;  361, 4  f. 

wer,  der:  L  24,  7;  117,36;  134, 
25;^MSS  80,  11  f.;  84,  4;  P  210,  11; 


EG  250,  2f.;343,  2;  347,  3  f.;  351, 
8;  363,  3;  370,  10  f.;  373,  3. 

RABENER:  BRIEFE 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 

SUBSTANTmZED    ADJECTIVES 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-claiises.     83,  4;  207,  5. 
das-  (welches-)   clauses,     das- 
clauses:     72,  7  f.;  88,  l.l.    welches- 
clause:    85:  12-13. 

II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses,  no  example, 
das-clause.     220, 6. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  108,  15;  112,  3;  112, 
14  f.;  119,  14;  178,  11  f.;  222,  16; 
257,  10  f.;  258,  8  f.;  260,  10  f.;  266, 
6f.;288,6f. 

der,  welcher:  218,  14. 

derjenige,  der:  1,  12;  69,  6f.; 
71,  4;  71,  6;  145,  4f.;  221,  8;  222, 
11  f.;  260,  8  f.;  289,  7. 

derjenige,  welcher:  121,  12  f.; 
221,  4;  260,  16. 

dieser,  der:  278, 11. 

Neuter 

das,  was:  15,  2;  28,  6;  76,  12; 
85,  6f.;  106,  5f.;  130,  15;  132, 
10;  295,  6  f. 

dasjenige,  was:  8,  13  f.;  76,  6; 
78,  13  f.;  88,  12  f.;  128,  4£.;  155, 
N,2. 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


43 


II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 
anderer,  der:  150,  8  f. 
einige,  die:  172, 14  f. 
jeder,  der:  78,  11  f.;  112,  6  f. 
jemand,der:  36,  3  f.;  38,  7-8. 
die  Ubrigen,  die:  74,  5  f. 
viele,  die:  31,  7  f. 

Neuter 

alles,  was:  11,  14;  66,  3f.;  80, 
2;  81,  8;  81,  9;  86,  2  f.;  112,  2; 
118,  12;  122,  12;  129,  7;  134,  11 
f.;  164,  4;  176,  4;  190,  13;  200,  6 
f.;  233,  4f.;  237,  12;  237,  12  f.; 
266,4;  283,  10;  283,12;  287,13. 

das  einzige,  was:  115,  2;  209, 
6f. 

es,  was:  182,9. 

etwas,  das:  46,  8;  66,  10;  93, 
3f.;147, 1. 

mehr,  was:  67,  9  f. 

vieles,  das:  69,  12;  99,  2f.; 
145,  14;  160,9  f.;  214,  13. 

das  wenigste,  was:  235,  5  f. 
III.  Personal  Pronouns 

der:  82,  11;  101,  7f.;  101,  4  f.; 
159,  8;  175,  6  f.;  242,  6  f.;  280, 10. 

C.  The  Relative  After  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase 

was:  110,  1;127,  14;  133,  14. 

welches:  19,  15  f.;  83,  4f.;  85, 
3f.;  121,  10;  130,  10 f.;  131,  3;  197, 
13;  203,  1;  252,  10  f.;  267,  5;  268, 
4f.;269,  10;286,  12f. 

wasbetrifft:  268,10. 

D.  The    Indefinite   Relatives 
wer:  296,  16. 

der:  186,5. 


werauch:  178,  11  f. 
wer,    der:  18,    2f.;    61,    12  f.; 
301,  10  f. 

WIELAND  .AGATHON 

A.  The  Relative  after  Neuter 
Substantivized  Adjectives 

I.  The  Positive-Compara- 
tive Category 
was-clause.     II,  49,  10-11. 
das-  (welches-)   clauses,     das- 
clauses:  I,  36,  8  f.;  76,  5.    welches- 
clauses:  I,   223,  8;  260,  3f.;261, 
4;  277,  2;  277,  6;  287,2;  376,1; 
II,  17,  1;  105,  15. 

II.  The  Superlative  Category 
was-clauses.     I,  169,  13  f.;  198, 

5;284,  2{.;362,  1;  307,  5  f.;  II,  64, 

14  f. 

das-clauses.     I,    155,   10;    168, 

8f.;II,97, 15;97, 13f. 

B.  The    Relative    after    Pro- 
nominal Antecedents 

I.  Demonstratives 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

der,  der:  I,  30,  4;  37,  14;  112, 
10  f.;  122,  5  f.;  146,  7  f.;  II,  71, 11  f. 

der,  welcher:  I,  11,  6f.;  211, 
llf.;II,  14,  2f.;23, 12f.;91,8. 

derjenige,  der:  1,4,  11  f.;  10, 
7;  18,  10 f.;  29,  11;  42,  10 f.;  45, 
8  f.;  53,  9;  78,  10;  80,  5  f.;  80,  3  f.; 
88,  15;  89,  8;  92,  1;  102,  2;  104, 
14  f.;  108,  1.1.;  109,  13  f.;  110,  2; 
113,  8f.;  114,  7;  118,  10;  119,  10; 
122,  3;  122,  6  f.;  123,  8;  142,  2;  148, 
9f.;160,  9;175,  10;179,  llf.;179, 
7f.;  182,  3f.;  260,  7  f.;  260,  5  f.; 


44 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


281,9;  291,  15;  294,  4  f.;  352,  7f.; 
354,  5;  359,  12;  359,  8  f.;  375,  8f.; 
II,  23,  1;  36,  12;  42,  13;  56,  6f.; 
58,  6f.;  87,  8f.;  90,  1;  95,  1.1.; 
98,  15;  103,4;  108,  9f.;  113,  13  f.; 
116,  3  f. 

derjenige,  welcher:  I,  14,  7; 
37,  7;  130,  5;  195,  8f.;  195,  2f.; 
210,  3;  232,  5  f.;  267,  10;  289,  3; 
293,  12;  348,  3f.;  352,  1;  357,  1; 
358,  8;  359,  12  f.;  377,  1;II,  3,  5f.; 
41,  12;  67,  8;  72,  9;  83,  8;  94,  7  f.; 
99,7;99,  12;105,  10f.;116, 10. 

Neuter 

das,  was:  I,  9,  8f.;  20,  11  f.; 
36, 1.1.;  63,  9  f.;  64,  3-5  (five  times); 
67,  14  f.;  70,9  f.;  80,  14;  81, 1.1.;  92, 
12;  97,  13;  100,  11;  110,  1;  110, 
11  f.;  Ill,  14;  115,  14f.;  119,  8; 
134,  12;  169,  4f.;  177,  3f.;  183, 
8f.;210,  13  f.;  211,  11  f.;  215,  2  f.; 
223,  11;  250,  1.1.;  261,  8;  265,  11; 
274,  9f.;  287,  9;  290,  10;  299,  12; 
304,  9  f.;  311,  10;  325,  3  f.;  331,  6; 
378, 11;  388, 8;  II,  10,5  £.;  37, 11  f.; 
37,10f.;45,3;55,10;57,3;57,ll; 
58,  4f.-3f.;  71,  7  f.;  76,  3  f.;  80,  3; 
111,  7  f.;  116,  11. 

dasjenige,  was:  I,  6,  9;  15,  6 

24,  9;  36,  14  f.;  43,  12  f.;  51,  1 
52,  2f.;  56,  2f.;  60,  7f.;  75,  7 
80,  15;  83,  5;  83,  7;  87,  6;  89,  4;  90 
5;107,  6f.;112,  6f.;  116,  4  f.;  124 
13  f.;  161,  6f.;  163,  8;  171,  8  f . 
175,4f.;179,  2f.;181,  11;183,  14 
200,  13  f.;  206,  11;  207,  13  f.;  214 
12£.;  217,  2;  220,  4f.;  235,  11  f. 
242,  11;  247,  8;  248,  8;  249,  9;  262, 


14;  266,  7;  266,  1.1.;  269,  2;  275,  3; 
302,  11;  316,  6;  320,  8f.;  322,  l.l.; 
334,  4f.;  354,  13;  383,  13;  II,  10, 
10  f.;  10,  6  f.;  18,  5  f. 

dasjenige,  das:  I,  42,  4  f . 

dasjenige,  welches:  I,  90,  13. 

dasselbe,  was:  I,  216,  10. 

II.  Indefinites 
Masculine  or  Feminine 

alle,  die:  1,30,  10;  36,  11;  257, 
10. 

alle,  welche:  1,40,  7  f. 

anderer,  der:  I,  162,  12  f.;  148, 
8;  177,  5  f. 

anderer,  welcher:  I,  360,  6  f. 

einer,  der:  I,  38,  4f.;  41,  13; 
136,  8;  251,  11. 

einlge,  welche:  II,  68,  9  f. 

der  einzige,  der:  I,  105,  1.1. ; 
122,3  f.;  134,  12  f.;  156,3. 

etliche,  die:  I,  10,8. 

jeder,  der:  I,  128,  9;  261,  2. 

jeder,  welcher:  I,  209,  8  f. 

jemand,  der:  I,  190,  11;  350, 
6f. 

keiner,  der:  I,  136,  4  f. 

niemand,  der:  I,  72,  2f.;  II, 
88,  6  f. 

solcher,  der:  I,  78,  5  f. 

Ubrige.  die:  I,  180,  3  f. 

verschiedene,  die:  I,  50,  12. 

\iele,  die:  I,  78,  6  f. 

wenige,  welche:  1,371,  14. 
Neuter 

alles,  was:  I,  9,  7f.;  16,  9;  27, 
9f.;30,3f.;  34,4;  36, 10;  41, 11;  42, 
8;43,2f.;44,  10;49,  7;51,6f.;58, 
5f;64,  8;  65,  14;  66,  11;  67,  14£.; 
83,  1.1.;  91,  12;91,  8f.;92,  3f.;93, 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


45 


1.1. ;  95,  10;  99,  10;  105,  15;  108,2; 
116,  7-8;  116,  9;  116,  14 f.;  116, 
12  f.;  118, 14;  122, 10  f.;  127,  7;  128, 
11  f.;  132,  9;  133,  2;  133,  13  f.; 
141,  5;  153,  3;  153,  12  f.;  154,  1; 
155,5;  159,4;  176,4;  178,5;  178, 
5f.;  185,  5;  188,  12  f.;  194,  13  f.; 
195,  6  f.;  201,  11;  273,  3  f.;  329,  12; 
365,9f.;II,  80,  7f.;82,5;105,6f. 

anders,  was:  II,  60,  5  f. 

anders,  das:  I,  142,  5  f. 

das  einzige,  was:  I,  5,  2f.; 
248,  6  f.;  371,  15;  392,  3. 

das  einzige,  das:  I,  94,  8  f. 

das  einzige,  welches:  II,  19, 
8f. 

es,  was:  I,  207,  15-14  f.;  223, 
6;  224,  8;  338,  15;  379,  11  f.;  II, 
74,  13. 

etwas,  das:  I,  71,  7;  87,  12  f.; 
138, 9;  170,  9;  277,  8;  292,  3. 

etwas,  welches:  I,  48,  11;  161, 
4;  240,  8  f. 

nichts,  was:  I,  36,  3;  36,  12  f.; 
67,  7;  67,  8;  103,  12  f.;  235,  15; 
262,  3  f.;  347, 9;  353,  3. 


nichts,  das:  I,  354,  2f.;  375, 
8;  II,  105,8  f. 

nichts,  dasz:  I,  34,  8. 

das  iibrige,  was:  I,  9,  9;  12, 
4f.;272, 1. 

vieles,das:  1,184,2. 

das  wenige,  was:  II,  53,  6  f. 
III.  Personal  Pronouns 

der:  I,  18,  6;  31,  1;  119,  4f.; 
186,  11  f.;  258,  5  f.;  379,  9  f.;  389, 
1;389,2;II,  17,5;106,  lOf. 

welcher:  I,  214,  3;  251,  8;  251, 
10. 

C.  The  Relative  After  a  Sen- 
tence OR  Phrase. 

was:  1, 107,  5;  139,8  f. 

welches:  I,  214,  3  f.;  286,  10  f.; 
II,31,4f.;64, 14f.;69,7f. 

wasbetrift:  I,  128,3;  136, 12  f.; 
168,  1;  II,  11,  13  f. 

D,  The    Indefinite     Relatives 
der:  I,  112,  13  f. 

wer:  I,  70,  7;  257,  4f.;  II, 
56,8. 


46 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


TABLES  OF  OCCURRENCES 


A.  THE  RELATIVE  AFTER  NEUTER  SUBSTAN- 
TIVIZED ADJECTIVES 


Pos.-( 

Comp.  Category 

Superlative  Category 

was 

das  or 

welches 

so 

0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
12 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

14 

was 

das  or  welches 

das 

welches 

das 

welches 

Abraham 

0 
2 
1 
2 
5 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
2 
1 

21 

0 

12 

9 

10 

13 

12 

7 

1 

0 

6 

2 

10 
3 
2 
2 

89 

0 
14 
19 

1 
11 

1 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
2 
5 
1 
9 

68 

0 
1 

0 
4 
2 
2 
9 
4 
0 
2 
0 
1 
7 
0 
6 

38 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
1 

4 

7 

0 

Bodmer   . 

0 

Breitinger 

0 

Enffel 

0 

Fichte 

0 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched   ..    .  . 

1 

Grimmelsh 

0 

Hagedorn  

0 

Haller 

0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing 

0 

Rabener   

0 

Wieland 

0 

Total 

1 

GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


47 


B.  THE  RELATIVE  AFTER  PRONOMINAL  ANTECEDENTS 

DEMONSTRATIVES — MASCULINE   OR  FEMININE 


Abraham... 

Bodmer 

Breitinger.. 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched.. 
Grimmelsh 
Hagedorn.. 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener... 
Wieland 

Total 


der- 

der- 

der- 

der, 

der, 

der, 

der- 

jenige, 

jenige, 

jeni- 

der 

welcher 

so 

jenige, 
der 

welcher 

wer 

ge,  so 

17 

5 

2 

13 

29 

1 

8 

15 

3 

2 

48 

17 

0 

2 

10 

0 

0 

19 

10 

0 

0 

13 

1 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

8 

4 

0 

0 

38 

4 

1 

29 

7 

0 

0 

20 

4 

0 

19 

5 

0 

0 

22 

3 

5 

24 

0 

0 

6 

10 

6 

9 

27 

2 

0 

14 

6 

0 

0 

24 

7 

0 

1 

10 
26 
15 
11 
6 

0 
0 
6 
1 

5 

0 
3 
0 
0 
0 

58 
2 
8 
9 

55 

0 
0 
6 
3 
26 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

223 

38 

22 

348 

116 

2 

31 

dersel- 

be 

(dersel- 

bige), 

der 

1 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


48 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


DEMONSTRATIVES — MASCULINE   OR  FEMININE 


derselbe, 

derselbe, 

dieser,dieser, 

jener, 

jener, 

jener, 

welcher 

so 

der 

so 

der 

welcher 

so 

Abraham 

4 

1 

3 

0 

5 

8 

1 

Bodmer 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Breitinger 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

Engel 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Fichte 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
4 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

1 

2 
0 

0 
0 

1 

0 

0 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched 

0 

Grimmelsh... 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

Hagedorn 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Haller 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
3 
0 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing 

0 

Rabener 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Wieland 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Total 

5 

1 

14 

2 

10 

9 

1 

GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


49 


DEMONSTRATIVES — NEUTER 


Abraham 

Bodmer 

Breitinger... 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched... 
Grimmelsh. 
Hagedorn... 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


das- 

das- 

das, 

das, 

das, 

das, 

das. 

jenige, 

jenige,  ] 

was 

das 

welches 

dasz 

so 

0 

welches 

was 

7 

0 

1 

0 

0 

9 

26 

0 

0 

0 

2 

4 

20 

39 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

35 

46 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

64 

2 

1 

0 

0 

9 

27 

74 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

38 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

9 

59 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

20 

20 

1 

0 

0 

3 

1 

6 

12 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

38 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

17 

34 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

54 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

55 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

53 

541 

4 

2 

1 

8 

16 

248 

das- 

jenige, 

das 

0 
2 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
5 
1 
3 
0 
0 
0 
1 

15 


50 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


DEMONSTRATIVES — NEUTER 


Abraham... 

Bodmer 

Breitinger.. 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched.. 
Grimmelsh 
Hagedorn.. 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


dasjenige, 
dasz 


dasjenige, 


so 


dasselbe, 

dieses, 

dieses, 

was 

was 

das 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

5 

2 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

7 

10 

2 

jenes, 
was 

0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


51 


INDEFINITES — MASCULINE  OR  FEMININE 


der- 

aUe, 

alles, 

alle, 

anderer, 

anderer, 

anderer, 

gleichen, 

die 

die 

welch  e 

der 

welcher 

so 

die 

Abraham 

9 

0 

0 

1 

2 

1 

0 

Bodmer 

0 

1 

0 

7 

1 

0 

1 

Breitinger 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

1 

0 

Engel 

4 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

Fichte 

2 
2 
0 

7 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2 

9 

3 

11 

1 
2 
1 
0 

0 
0 
0 

2 

0 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched 

0 

Grimmelsh. . . . 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

1 

1 

Hagedorn 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0 

Haller 

1 

2 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing 

0 

Rabener 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

Wieland 

3 

0 

1 

3 

1 

0 

0 

Total 

i3> 

1 

1 

53 

10 

5 

2 

52 


GERMAN  RELATR'ES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


INDEFINITES — MASCULINE  OR  FEMININE 


Abraham 

Bodmer 

Breitinger 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched 

Grimmelsh... 

Hagedorn 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


ein- 

einer, 

einer, 

einer, 

einige, 

einige, 

zelner. 

der 

welcher 

so 

die 

welche 

der 

15 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

6 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

11 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

58 

6 

2 

7 

2 

2 

em- 

ziger, 

der 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
2 
2 
2 
0 
4 

13 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


53 


INDEFINITES — MASCULINE   OR  FEMININE 


ein- 

jeder- 

ziger, 

etiiche, 

etiiche, 

etiiche, 

jeder, 

jeder. 

mann, 

welcher 

die 

welche 

80 

der 

welcher 

der 

Abraham 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

Bodmer 

0 

1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

4 

Breitinger 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

Engel 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Fichte 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

5 
0 
4 
6 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched 

0 

Grimmelsh.... 

0 

4 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

Hagedorn 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

HaUer 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

3 
6 
1 

0 
0 
0 

0 

Herder 

0 

Lessinsf 

0 

Rabener 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

Wieland 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

Total. 

2 

7 

3 

1 

37 

2 

5 

54 


GERM.\N  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


INDEFINITES — MASCULINE  OR  FEMININE 


(die) 

jemand, 

kelner, 

mancher, 

mehr, 

mehr, 

mehrere, 

meisten, 

der 

der 

der 

die 

welche 

welche 

die 

Abraham 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Bodmer 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Brei  linger 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Engel 

0 
0 

2 
3 
5 

0 

5 
0 
0 

1 

1 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

Fichte 

0 

Gellert 

1 

Goethe  

0 

Gottsched 

0 

Grimm  elsh... 

2 

4 

2 

1 

1 

0 

0 

Hagedorn 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Haller 

0 

1 

0 

0 
2 
0 

0 

1 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

1 

0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing 

0 

Rabener 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Wieland 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Total 

18 

16 

7 

1 

1 

1 

1 

GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


55 


INDEFINITES — MASCULINE   OR  FEMININE 


niemand, 
der 

solcher, 
der 

solcher, 
welcher 

(die) 

iibrigen, 

die 

verschiedene, 
die 

viele, 
die 

Abraham 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

2 

Bodmer 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Breitinger 

Engel 

0 
1 
0 
1 

0 

4 

1 
2 

1 
1 
0 
1 

1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

Fichte 

0 

Gellert 

1 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched 

2 

Grimmelsh... 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

Hagedorn 

Haller 

0 

7 
2 
2 
0 

0 
0 
2 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing 

0 

Rabener 

1 

Wieland 

2 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

Total 

28 

14 

2 

3 

1 

11 

56 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


INDEFINITES — MASCULINE  OR  FEMININE 


viele, 
welche 

viele, 
so 

wenige, 
die 

wenige, 
welche 

wenige, 

80 

Abraham 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Bodmer 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

Breitinger 

Engel 

0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
1 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

Fichte 

0 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched 

0 

Grimmelsh... 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

Hagedorn 

HaUer 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing 

0 

Rabener 

0 

Wieland 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

Total 

5 

1 

9 

2 

1 

GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


57 


INDEFINITES — NEUTER 


Abraham 

Bodmer 

Breitinger.... 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched... 
Grimmelsh.. 
Hagedorn... 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


alles, 
was 

12 

22 
37 
29 
44 
32 
25 
34 
18 
14 
12 
21 
42 
22 
57 

421 


alles, 
wel- 
ches 

0 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


alles, 
das 

0 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


alles, 
so 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


anders, 
was 

0 
3 
0 
1 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 

1 


anders, 
wel- 
ches 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


anders. 
das 

0 
1 
1 
2 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 


anders, 
so 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


58 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


INDEFINITES — NEUTER 


(das) 

(das) 

(das) 

(das) 

(das) 

einige, 
das 

ems, 
was 

ems, 
das 

einzige, 
was 

emzige, 
das 

emzige, 
welches 

emzige, 
so 

Abraham 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Bodmer 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Breitinger 

Eneel      

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 

0 
0 
3 
0 
1 
0 

0 
3 
2 
0 
2 
0 

o  o  o  o  o  o 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

Fichte 

0 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched 

1 

Grimmelsh... 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Hagedorn 

Haller 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
2 
0 
0 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

0 
0 
1 

3 
2 

0 
0 
0 

1 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing   

0 

Rabener 

0 

Wieland 

0 

0 

0 

4 

1 

1 

0 

Total     

1 

3 

5 

17 

2 

1 

1 

GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


59 


INDEFINITES — NEUTER 


es, 
was 

es, 
das 

etwas, 
was 

etwas, 
welches 

etwas, 
das 

etwas, 
so 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

5 

(das) 

Ganze, 

das 

(das) 
Ganze, 
welches 

Abraham 

Bodmer 

Breitinger 

Eneel 

2 
0 
2 
1 
3 
2 
0 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 

16 
1 
6 

40 

0 
0 
0 

1 

9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

10 

3 
0 
2 
0 
3 
2 
2 
4 
0 
0 
0 
4 
3 
0 
0 

23 

0 
2 
1 
0 
4 
0 
1 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
3 

15 

0 

4 
5 
1 
24 
2 
5 
4 
6 
2 
1 
3 
4 
4 
6 

71 

0 

1 
0 
0 
0 

1 

3 
0 
0 

3 
0 

1 
1 
0 
0 

10 

0 
0 
0 
0 

Fichte 

0 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

0 

Gottsched 

Grimmelsh... 

Hagedorn 

Haller 

0 
0 

1 

0 

Herder 

0 

Lessing 

0 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 

0 
0 

1 

60 


GERMAN  RELATIVES    IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


INDEFINITES — NEUTER 


Abraham... 

Bodmer 

Breitinger.. 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched.. 
Grimmelsh 
Hagedorn.. 

HaUer 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


(das) 

Gleiche, 

jedes, 

was 

was 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

mancher- 
ley,  das 


man- 
ches, 
was 


man- 

ches, 

das 


man- 

ches, 

so 


mehr, 
was 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


61 


INDEFINITES — NEUTER 


Abraham 

Bodmer 

Breitinger.. 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched... 
Grimmelsh. 
Hagedorn... 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


mehr 
das 


(das) 

(das) 

mehrere, 

Meiste, 

welches, 

was 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

nichts, 

nichts, 

was 

das 

0 

0 

0 

4 

6 

4 

5 

1 

4 

2 

2 

3 

4 

0 

7 

0 

0 

3 

3 

1 

1 

3 

9 

1 

6 

1 

0 

0 

9 

3 

— 

— 

56 


nichts, 
welches 


26 


nichts, 
dasz 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 


62 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


INDEFIN ITES — NEUTER 


Abraham... 

Bodmer 

Breitinger.. 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched.. 
Grimmelsh 
Hagedorn.. 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


(das) 

seiches, 

iibrige, 

vieles, 

vieles, 

das 

was 

was 

das 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

3 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

3 

0 

1 

2 

9 

6 

7 

vieles, 
welches 

0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


viel, 
so 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  tN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


63 


INDEFINITES — NEUTER 


Abraham... 

Bodmer 

Breitinger.. 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched.. 
Grimmelsh 
Hagedorn.. 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


(das) 

wenige, 

was 


(das) 

Wenige, 

das 


(das) 

Wenigste, 

das 

0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 


(das) 
wenigste, 
was 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 


64 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


PERSONAL  PRONOUNS 


der 

welcher 

Abraham 

Bodmer 

Breitinger 

Engel 

1 

4 

0 

15 

18 

9 

13 

2 

1 

2 

18 

13 

15 

7 

10 

128 

1 
1 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
3 

9 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched 

Grimmelsh... 

Hagedorn 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 

GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


65 


C.  THE  RELATIVE  AFTER  A  SENTENCE  OR  PHRASE 


was  betriflFt 

was 

welches 

das 

so 

(anbelangt,  etc.) 

Abraham 

0 

35 

0 

0 

7 

Bodmer 

4 

23 

0 

0 

18 

Breitinger 

Engel 

2 
9 

4 
2 
4 

1 

35 
1 

27 
0 

26 

47 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

26 
3 

Fichte 

2 

Gellert 

0 

Goethe 

10 

Gottsched 

19 

Grimmelsh.... 

3 

70 

2 

10 

7 

Hagedorn 

HaUer 

2 
0 

5 
1 
3 

3 
0 
4 
4 
13 

0 
0 

1 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
0 

Herder 

5 

Lessing 

3 

Rabener 

1 

Wieland 

2 

5 

0 

0 

4 

Total    

42 

293 

i 

3 

10 

106 

66 


GERMAN  RELATIVES  IN  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY  PROSE 


D.  THE  INDEFINITE  RELATIVES 


der 


Abraham 

Bodmer 

Breitinger... 

Engel 

Fichte 

Gellert 

Goethe 

Gottsched... 
Grimmelsh.. 
Hagedorn... 

Haller 

Herder 

Lessing 

Rabener 

Wieland 

Total 


der  wer 
da 


9 

15 

0 

4 
1 
4 
2 
7 
5 
0 
5 

13 
5 
1 
1 

72 


wer 
auch 


11 

12 

11 

7 

0 

10 

11 

2 

2 

19 

15 

24 

9 

1 

3 

137 


wer 
da 


wer, 
der 

24 
11 
13 
11 
3 

30 

0 

56 

8 

6 

9 

16 

13 

3 

0 

203 


wer,  derselbe 

wer, 

(derselbige) 

er 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

1 

welcher 


U.C.BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


CD^3^D^7a3 


